Research On The Decision-making Mechanism Of Sports Policy In China

The decision-making mechanism of sports policy affects whether the sports policy is scientific or not,is of great significance for the development of sports. Nevertheless,the decision-making process of sports policy in China is often difficult to be participated by ordinary people, even there is no way to examine the decision-making process of the age-old policy. As the classic theory of the policy process, the Advocacy Coalition Framework(ACF) provides an analytical perspective, which can through the policy feedback to derive the policy decision-making mechanism. This study selected the most representative resettlement policy for retired athletes as the starting point to review and summarize the policy changes for decades, so that we can presume and verify the causality and influencing factors behind it,and perspective the policy decision-making mechanism according to the important theme of ACF.In accordance with ACF, there exist two major policy advocacy coalitions in the change of our resettlement policy for retired athletes: efficiency-oriented alliance and fairness-oriented alliance.Surrounded by the dispute between the policy beliefs of the two alliances,the change of resettlement policy for retired athletes can be mainly divided into two stages:planned settlement stage and market-oriented settlement stage.The former’s characteristic mainly focuses on the fairness from 1952 to 1988 and the latter emphasizes on giving priority to efficiency and consideration to fairness in the initial stage from 1989 to 2001, but since 2001 it made a gradual transition to lay equal stress on efficiency and fairness.Such a process of policy change also indirectly explains the decision-making mechanism of sports policy in China.The analysis shows that the decision-making system of sports policy in China is mainly influenced by three aspects:a relatively stable variables,external events and policy subsystem. Relatively stable variable refers to the basic properties of the sports policy issues,which is very stable and becomes the main variables to limit the scope of the policy decision-making.The specific performance of external events affecting sports policy decisions is:the impact of the market economy on the sports field, local differences in sports policy caused by regional economic development gap, the cognitive attitude changes of the public to sports and sports-related, the enhancement of the influence of media and public, the transformation on the belief system of the authoritative decision-makers, labor, the release of new policy in education and other areas. External events, often as the object of efforts by policy participants, because once the policy participants can accurately predict their occurrence and make a response in line with their own belief system, they will be able to guide the direction of policy change or make a. decision to meet the expectations of their own goals.The policy subsystem contains various policy advocacy coalitions and their belief systems, and the differences between the policy advocacy coalitions generally exist at the level of core beliefs, including a variety of value priorities,who can be the groups particularly concerned by benefits, the distribution of powers among the different levels of government,the preference of different policy tools, which become the important factors to induce the direction of sports policy. In addition, policy-oriented learning occurring at the level of policy core beliefs also plays an important role in the sports decision-making. Therefore, to correctly understand and deal with the contradictions in the sports decision-making, we should focus on the issues and controversies of core beliefs in policy.