The Research On Irrigation And Water Conservancy And Main Grain Crops Of Chongqing In Qing Dynasty

Regional history study is one of the key subject of the historical research. Certain regionalsocial and economic development profoundly impact on regional politics, culture, customsand habits, etc. In recent years. the relationships between the area of historical research andreality get the more attention of the society. As a new development and young city,Chongqing has a rich of historical resources and research value. Based on the local chroniclesand agricultural history records in Chongqing, in Chongqing region in qing dynasty as thebackground, from the irrigation and water conservancy and American imports of sweetpotatoes, corn two grain crops as the point of view, expounded on the development ofhistorical period in Chongqing area, and analyzes the relationship between the constructionof water conservancy and agricultural, and the influence the main food crops of Chongqing inQing dynasty.The whole article divide into two parts: the introduction, the main content. In the introduction,the author briefly describes the theoretical basis and practical significance for the research,reviews the academic history, define the scope of the study, related concepts and researchcontents. The text part elaborated two content which is irrigation and water conservancyand the main grain crops.First of all, the irrigation and water conservancy of Chongqing in Qing dynasty. The scholarsof Qing Dynasty Xianting liu says "Water conservancy flourish and then the world can bepeaceful, external grief can calm, and enlightenment can thrive" The important status ofwater resources in agricultural production is obvious. In this chapter, the farmland waterconservancy irrigation and pumping tools as the main content, according to historical materials, finishing the agricultural production in this area. Chongqing region uniquetopography, mountainous hills. Characteristics farmland with yamada, terraced fields,through the mountain spring streams, build the weir made pond for farmland irrigation.Usingthe cylinder wheel and dragon bone wheel reflect the promoting of the agriculturaltechnology.Second, the main food crops. This chapter describes the tradition of rice’s cultivation ofChongqing in the Qing Dynasty, and summarized two American crops each route incomingprocess which is Sweet potato and maize. Meanwhile, I elaborated on these types of cropplanting situation in Chongqing, summed up the importance of them for farmers’ life inchongqing. the introduction and promotion of these three major crops in Chongqing bringsmultiple effects such as local population, land area and the economy. On the one hand, thedeep forests, hills and mountains have been developed and expanding the area of cultivatedland. On the other hand, it is played an important role in the diet of local residents.Meanwhile, the impact on the local population growth. This article embarks the population growthof the Chongqing area in Qing dynasty, analysis of the connection between the populationaccording to combined with the American crop’s characteristics. The fourth is the impact onthe ecological environment. According to reference a number of data in Chronicles toillustrate cultivated corn, sweet potato and other dry season crops due to the deterioration ofthe environment, and ultimately lead to reduced agricultural productivity. In short, theintroduction and promotion of corn and sweet potato in Ming and Qing Dynasties spread hada huge impact on Chongqing.