Predicament Of Farmland And Irrigation-Water Conservancy And Institutional Choices

Rural taxes and administrative fees reform is a significant measure central government has taken to alleviate fanners' burden .Practically, taxes and administrative fees reform is just like a two—edged. While alleviating farmer's burden, it causes grass-root fiscal revenues to decrease greatly, depletes villages' and towns' fiscal sources, makes central and grass—root organizations not only lessen their investment on rural public goods, but also withdraw from the area of rural grads supply .so that the quality rural public goods has lowered. Take the farmland and irrigation—water conservancy. For example, after the taxes and administrative fees reform, central and grass—root government not only lessen their investment, but also abolish "Liang Gong" policy. National policy doesn't allow villages' organizations to get involved in agricultural collaborative production any longer. State further withdraws from farmland and irrigation-water conservancy supplying issues. All the above factors lead farmland and irrigation—water conservancy to be trapped in the predicament of lack of capital and organization Faced with the supply problem, state, water—supervising organizations and farmers are exploring new ways to tackle the negative effects the reform brings out.Based on a research in JingMen, from the perspective of rural public goods supply, the article takes farmland and irrigation-water conservancy supply as break-through point, systematically arranges and compares the change in supplying system and ways before and after taxes and administrative fees reform. The article analyzes the attempts and predicament of farmland and irrigation-water conservancy. And arrives at a new conception of market -oriented irrigation-water conservancy reform, two institutional attempts, Farmers' water-using Association and "Yi Shi Yi Yi" Institution, which are substitute for state and villages organization, don't play an essential role.In years of draught, farmers have to survive by digging wells, which not only don't work at all, but also further make large and medium. Sized irrigation and water conservancy facilities are in disuse. And consequently, farmland and irrigation-water conservancy is in predicament. So, in the future farmland and irrigation-water conservancy supplying problem, we should take different conditions, different size anddifferent region's economical development into consideration. Rural farmland and irrigation—water conservancy system should be established from the levels of state, water -supervising organizations, villages and farmers.