Research On The Evolution Of Production And Operation Organizations In The Process Of Agricultural Modernization

More than30years of reform and opening-up, China’s market economy develops rapidly and farmeconomy has entered a new period of industry regurgitation feeding agriculture. Building a new socialistcountryside and promoting the realization of agricultural modernization is the request of new era. Duringthe course of China’s modern agriculture, it is an inevitable trend to joint farmers and market by developingdiversified forms of organization and contract connection and institutional arrangements. The developmentof modern agriculture depends on the establishment and improvement of the corresponding productionmanagement mode, which means industry organization based on the benefit relations, not simple farmerorganization.Household contract responsibility system began in1978and plays an important role in arousing theenthusiasm of farmer production greatly. It overcomes the disadvantages of egalitarianism and eating fromthe same pot, avoiding the excessive concentration of management, maintaining the institutional frameworkof the public ownership. At the same time, this institution retains the function of unified management insome fields. Double management system mode which combines unification not only conforms to the needsof traditional agriculture but also satisfies the requirements of modern agriculture, so promoting the rapidimprovement of agricultural productivity vigorously.However, promoting agricultural modernization encounters bottleneck. Scale, specialization, intensiveagricultural modernization are the main direction. Under the household contract responsibility, problemssuch as small agricultural production and operation scale, land fragmentation and unclear rural landproperty rights are prominent. How to promote the land circulation and realize moderate scale managementare the foundation of promoting agricultural modernization development. On this basis, innovating forms ofagricultural production and operation organizations and promoting the land to new production operators arevery necessary. The Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee points out China shoulddevelop various forms of moderate scale management and also develop scale operators such as familyfarms, professional investors and farmers’ professional cooperative when conditions are allowed. In2013Central First Document also clearly puts forward:1) increase subsidies, new subsidies tilting to the family farm, the professional investors, farmers’ professional cooperative and so on;2) the innovation ofagricultural production and operation system, encourage and support circulation of the contracted land tofamily farm, professional investors, farmers’ professional cooperatives;3) in accordance with therequirements for the development of scale, specialization, standardization, and guide farmers to adoptadvanced suitable technology and the modern factors of production, accelerating the transformation of themode of production organization management;4) create a good policy and legal environment, take manykinds of measures to support the family farm, professional investors and joint ranching[1].The article explains this policy from the perspective of the evolution of the agricultural production andoperation organizations. Firstly, the author describes the path of agricultural modernization research andtheoretical research on the evolution of the agricultural production and operation organizations. Secondly,comb the historical change of agricultural production and operation organizations at different stages andcompletion of agricultural modernization. On this basis, this article points out that household contractresponsibility system as the main agricultural production and operation organizations in the implementationof bottleneck problems in the process of agricultural modernization. Thirdly, summarizes the pattern ofagricultural production and operation organizations in foreign developed countries realizing agriculturalmodernization. The author points out that realizing the scale, specialization, intensive development is a newdirection in the evolution of the agricultural production and operation organizations on the basis of familymanagement. Fourth, according to the different operators, the specific forms of new type of agriculturalproduction and operation organizations in China are mainly professional investors, family farms, leadingenterprises and farmers’ professional cooperative and their effect on the realization of agriculturalmodernization is outstanding; Fifth, the new type of agricultural production and operation organizations is anew thing and its development cannot leave the support of the government. We should prepare in eachaspect in order to ensure the rapid development and realize agricultural modernization.