Research On The Evolution Of The Layout And The Development Mechanism Of Township Enterprise In Yanbian Area

The township enterprises of Yanbian area had experienced a tortuous process since China’s reform and opening-up. The township enterprises have been keeping a rapid growth on economy after the1990s, which attracted lots of overseas returnees back to Yanbian area for jobs or investment, and brought back advanced management ideas and technologies, that greatly promoted the development of the township enterprises. Under the new background township enterprises economy is increased under the government’s guide and support, and became an important part of regional economy, which made a great contribution to the progress of rural economy. This paper mainly studied the township enterprises of Yanbian area, and analyzed the characteristics of the layout of township enterprises and the dynamic mechanism of development in Yanbian area by reading relevant statistical data, questionnaire survey, and the combination of quantitative and qualitative. The main research conclusions are as follows:Firstly, Since reform and opening up in the year of1978, the adjustment of policy has decided the development of township enterprises. The township enterprise,of Yanbian area developed slightly later than those of coastal developed areas inland. Since1990s, the economy of all types of industry has increased substantially. Industrial development was. the major power in counties and cities, the proportion of the economy is very big; to develop economy rapidly, each of counties and cities put more and more into the input industry. While Industrial development also promoted the development of other industries, the industrial output value proportion of Dunhua increased to76%in2012from53%in1990, the industrial output value proportion of Yanji increased to76%in2012from64%in1990, the industrial output value proportion of Hunchun increased to70%in2012from49%in1990; for the past few years the development of agricultural product processing industry promoted the improvement of agriculture, compared with other counties and cities, the proportion of agriculture in Antu and Helong increased obviously, at present the proportion of agriculture reached33%and38%respectively.Secondly, Since1990s, The scale of township enterprises increased rapidly, the general output increased by29.2times; In mid and late1990s, the government Launched the reformation of state-owned enterprise, and set up socialist market economy system, the number of collective enterprises decreased to751in2000from1707in1990, and then to2in2012, the general output was only19.8%that in1990; conversely, individual and private enterprises developed rapidly under the government’s guide and support. By the year of2012, the general output of individual enterprises reached1,55billion, and that of private enterprises reached2.52billion, becoming the major force of township enterprises economy. And in recent years the economical development concentrated on the cities of Dunhua, Yanji and Hunchun, the economy difference between these three cities and other counties and cities was growing; now the general output of Dunhua is20.88billion, next for Yanji is1.2billion, then Hunchun is4.86billion, obviously higher than that of other counties and cities.Thirdly, By the results of the questionnaire survey, there are mainly four conclusions.(2)71.6%of the employees have a secondary school education, the overall cultural quality is not high;50.5%of the enterprises have its own r&d departments, while67.4%of research and development personnel quantity is just under10people, companies usually choose to cooperate with colleges and universities to improve the level of research; technical personnel ratio is low, technical personnel ratio is less than12%in nearly half of the enterprises, and is less than20%in eighty per cent of the enterprises.②nterprises which are in the villages and towns usually have bad production environment and backward equipments, some companies choose to move in the local economic development zone. In addition, the government also invested and constructed Yanbian New Industrial park, focusing on developing the agricultural products and by-products processing industry of Yanbian area, and now there are several enterprises have moved into it.③The enterprises of which the raw materials are mainly from Yanbian are60.2%, Mainly including food raw materials, which is not available for long distance transportation and wood raw materials;the herbs for Chinese medicinal herb processing are mainly from Northeast and other places where there are plenty of herbal medicine resources; aquatic products are usually imported from North Korea and Russia, and Fabric and leather from Japan and South Korea; because of the rich resources of agriculture and forestry, and a lot of labor, foreign investments usually focus on food processing manufacturing, wood and furniture industry, Clothing textiles? the products also export back to their countries.④Tax breaks policy remove much of the burden of enterprises, while it still needs a lot of money for development, always it’s very hard to obtain a loan from guarantee institutions, so the financing is a big problem, and some companies will choose to cooperate with Banks for credit business.