The Study Of "Resource Curse" And The Design Of Resource Development Mechanism In The Western Nationality Region

The natural resources is one of the necessary Material conditions which promote economic growth, the relationship between natural resources and economic growth has been one of important propositions in economic research. The traditional economic suggests that resources endowment and economic growth show positive correlation, vast natural resources will bring rapid economic growth. Yet more and more resource oriented countries have shown economic stagnation, more and more countries endowed poor resources show rapid growth in economic since the late1950s. In the long turn, abundant natural resource is not a blessing, but a curse. This caused many economists rethink the role of natural resources in the economic growth, and summarized it as "resources curse". It is that abundant natural resources would restrain economic growth, the rate of economic growth in resource-rich economies will be slower than in resource-poor, abundant resources is not an sufficient conditions for economic growth. Abundant natural resource is no longer the booster of the economic growth in a country or a region. The explanation for "resource curse" has become a high-profile topic. Western nationality region in China is the combination of ample natural resources, backward economic, lower quality lives, richly diverse national culture and social instability, its level of economic and social development is drastically different from the Eastern china which region is lack of natural resources. The exploitation of natural resources in the Western nationality region has not transferred its resources superiority into economic superiority. In contrast, it fell into the poverty trap, and emerged "resource curse". The Western nationality region bears the mission of resource supply, ecological security, culture heritage, stability in border. There is a great significance in promoting the economic and social development of the Western nationality region. Integrated with mechanism design theory, this paper tries to explain how "resource curse" emerged in the Western nationality region from institution arrangement, and reshuffle the mechanism of its resources development. Aimed at protecting the ecological environment and defend the right of minority in the Western nationality region, this paper tries to redesign the resources development mechanism which conforms the requirement of sustainable economic and social development. There are two innovations in this paper. One is the study on "resource curse" of the Western nationality region combined with the design mechanism theory. The solution to solve "resource curse" puzzle proposed in this paper differs from the previous literature. This paper focuses on the mechanism design, deeply dissect the problem of the resource development mechanism in the Western nationality region, based on the analysis of the existing defect, and thus redesign the resource development mechanism, put forward specific construction paths. Another is that this paper bases on the Western nationality region, but not in thrall to the Western nationality region. Study subject of this paper is the Western nationality region, in which minority nationalities live together, which is rich in the natural resource, which economy is extremely backward at the same time, which fell into the poverty trap. Review world each country, the region which is the combination of the abundant natural resource and minority group is not uncommon. We can learn from them, and thus obtain enlightenments to solve "resource curse" of Western nationality region. There are three main methods the paper used. The first one is document research method. The author research large of reference, which conclude "resource curse" thesis, transmission mechanism and path choice, resource management mechanism, ecological compensation institution, social management, sustainable development concept and so on, and thus classify and integrate the result of the research in order to provide reference for the general study. The second one is empirical research method. Through comparison, statistics and analysis methodology, this paper describes the endowments of natural resources, the condition of resource development and economic development, explores relationship between natural resources and economic growth, constructs an index to measure "resource curse" in order to provide data support for the study. The third one is comprehensive research method. The study concerns several disciplines, including Western economics, development economics, regional economics, ecology, sociology, and institutional economics, so the paper need to integrate multi-discipline knowledge. This article divides into four parts structurally. The first part is a summary of the relevant theories, includes conceptions of resources in economic,"resource curse" theory which includes the origin of hypothesis, transmission mechanism and path choice, and mechanism design theory. It becomes theoretical basis of studying and solving the puzzle of "resource curse". The second part is the data analysis. It describes the endowments of natural resources, the condition of resource development and economic development, explores relationship between natural resources and economic growth, constructs an index to measure "resource curse" in order to provide data support for the study. The third part is which mainly analyzes the problems existing in the resources development mechanism of the Western nationality region. In order to find the breakthrough of avoidance of the poverty trap, this part deeply dissect benefit sharing mechanism, resource management mechanism, environmental protection, supervision and evaluation mechanism, and social participation mechanism. The fourth part is the design of resource development mechanism. Based on the former study of the related theory and practice, combined with the important thought of mechanism design theory, focusing on five subsystems, namely the benefit sharing mechanism, resource management mechanism, environmental protection, supervision and evaluation mechanism, and social participation mechanism, the paper designs and reinstruct the resource development mechanism of the Western nationality region, and put forward construction paths of every subsystems, likely to solve the "resource curse" puzzle of the Western nationality region, promote development of this region, benefit for social stability and common prosperity. There is an underlying reason why "resource curse" emerged in the Western nationality region is the resource development mechanism imperfect. Five unsound subsystems lead to serious consequences such as, free occupation the interest of the minorities, deterioration of the ecological environment, poverty. To solve the "resource curse" puzzle, achieve society and economy harmoniously developing, cut down the gap between the western region and the eastern, and promote common prosperity and progress for all ethnic groups, designing the new-style resource development mechanism is the only way.