The Analysis Of Complementary Energy Cooperation

As energy becomes increasingly important, the study of energy cooperation has become a significant branch of international relations. Because of the differences between energy-consuming countries and energy-producing countries, the complementary energy cooperation has become an important aspect of international energy cooperation. The rapid development of China’s domestic economy has pulled an exuberant demand for energy. But confined to domestic energy production, there is a serious mismatch between supply and demand of China’s energy. In order to solve this problem, the Chinese government made "full use of both domestic and foreign resources and markets" policy and developed a "going out" energy strategy. Chinese traditional energy partner countries are mostly located in the Middle East, Africa and other regions, where domestic political situations are unrest and the energy supply is tight. In this context, Canada is a perfect target for implementing the "going out". Canada is rich in energy reserves, which provide a solid material foundation for the energy cooperation between China and Canada. In addition, Canada’s energy exports have been dependent on the United States while this kind of dependence seriously hindered the development of Canada’s energy industry, even threating Canada’s energy security. The in-depth "Shale Gas Revolution" is prompting the U.S.’s "Energy Independence Plan" ahead and. Canada is turning to the East, expanding Asian energy market and implementing the energy export diversification strategy.Complementary differences in terms of natural resources, technology and energy strategy between China and Canada laid a solid foundation for energy cooperation. Energy cooperation between the two countries has an extensive range of areas and more flexible cooperation mechanism. The two countries have got closer cooperation and achieved certain results, especially since the beginning of 2009. However, it should be noted that there is a huge gap between the actual scale of cooperation and the potential for cooperation between two countries. What caused this situation lies in bilateral causes as well as in American causes. In my opinion, Chinese causes include the immaturity of Chinese energy enterprises and the incoherent energy policy towards Canada. There are also kinds of resistance from domestic conservative forces, environmental organizations and aboriginals. Fluctuations in political relations between the two countries also affect the energy cooperation. In addition, the special relationship between the U.S. and Canada play an important role in China-Canada’s energy cooperation since the U.S. are worrying about China’s quest for energy in their "Energy Garden".With the theory of complementary, this paper carries out the empirical research on China-Canada’s energy cooperation and analyzes the characteristics of bilateral energy cooperation which include favorable and unfavorable factors of the cooperation, and tries to put forward some proposals to deepen energy cooperation between the two countries, which provides a useful experience for complementary energy cooperation. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part contains Introduction and Chapter One; the second part consists of Chapter Two; the third part includes Chapter Three and Chapter Four; the last part is Conclusion.The first part describes the significance of the topic, discusses the status of domestic and foreign scholars in the study of Canadian energy cooperation, and illustrates the research ideas and frameworks, possible innovation and deficiencies. Based on the international energy cooperation theories, the international energy cooperation are sorted into three types:competitive energy cooperation, complementary energy cooperation which has four characteristics, and complex energy cooperation.The second part discusses the background of China-Canada’s energy cooperation, analyzes some features of international energy environment and the energy security situation both in China and Canada by using charts and data. It sums up that there are three kinds of specific performance on China’s energy "insecurity":irrational energy structure, high dependence on energy imports, single energy supply. Canadian abundant reserves of unconventional energy are changing the international energy landscape. Under the "Energy Support" policy, the Canadian government has developed a more liberal energy policy for the foreign investment access.The third part analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of China-Canada’s energy cooperation. Chapter Three discusses the complementary differences between the two countries, which includes different reserves and funds, different energy development technology and different energy strategy. It sums up that the two countries have great potential for cooperation. Chapter Four finds a huge gap between the actual results and the great potential and analyzes the bilateral factors restricting cooperation, which contains including the factors of both factors, and the third party-the U.S. factor. Chapter Four also attempts to explain why these factors exist.The last part summarizes the analysis mentioned above and presents some thought to China-Canada’s energy cooperation, suggesting the two countries should deepen political mutual trust, establish long-term cooperation mechanism and make good use of the U.S. factor, which provides some useful experience for the complementary energy cooperation.