The Spatial Distribution And Influencing Factors Reasearch Of China’s Retail Industry

Since the reform and opening, China’s retail business has been rapid developed. After30years of continuous exploration, it has become a very important part of China’s economic development. In2012, the retail sales of china’s top100retail enterprises reached1.87trillion, compare with496.8billion in2003, turned over3.8times during10years. But when forcus on its rapid development, we also need to note that the growth rate has been reduced to the lowest over the year. The reason can be found that our retail business influenced by the complex economic situation and environment at home and aboard in recent years, has showed the negative growth trend. Accompanied by rising laobor costs、rent costs and logistics costs year after year, corporate profits were substantially reduced. Consumers affected by inflation and rising prices, insufficient consumer demand has become a big problem. The e-commerce and other new retail enterprises forcusd to survive that had to close a lot of stores, the speed of expansion is slowing down. In addition, the impact of pre-stimulus policies、 commercial real estate over-development and the lack of effective planning and supervision result in irrational spatial distribution and vicious competition of retail outlets. These all affect retail enterprises’area layout and spatial distribution. The purpose of this paper is that through theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, we hope to provide reference for rational spatial distribution and development.In theory, the paper describes some classical theories about retail spatial distribution, such as central place theory、retail format change theory、circle theory、agglomeration theory、the platform of economic theory and theory of comsumer’s behavior. Then we distribe the impact of retail’s spatial distribution and develop from traditional factors、e-commerce angle、economic and policy factors. Traditional factors include demographic factor and transport, e-commerce part include the comparative advantage of e-commerce and the new retail enterprise model-Click&Mortar in the e-commerce environment, then use Suning as the case to describe more detail.In empirical part, the paper compare not only between the lateral area, but also specific to the individual differences in provinces. First the paper use of location quotient, factor analysis and concentration ration to measure retail’s spatial distribution and development of30provinces except Tibet, then collect the data from2003to2012, use per captia GDP, per capita consumption expenditure, e-commerce, urbanization rate, population density, human capital, transportation infrastructure, government policy and the opening as the independent variable, use the density of retail store as the dependent variable to build panel regression model, analysis the different effects of these factors in different area on the basis of the result. The result shows that the development of retail in the east region is significantly better than that in the Midwest, so agglomeration have more chance happened in the east. And each variable has different size and orientation in different regions.On the basis of these analysis results, the paper summarizes the conclusions that the development of our retail still show a gradient of the characteristic, but the gap has gradually narrowing trend. In addition, the paper predict the business model of retail business in the future, we forcast that retail business will develop into omni-channel retailing model to meet consumers’shopping, entertainment requirements and socializing. At last, the paper gives some advices, hope that the future developmentof retail can use them as reference.