| With the rapid development of economic globalization, the trend of international industrial transfer is more and more obvious. As a country of abundant resources and low labor cost, in recent years, China has gradually become the host country of resource-intensive industries which is with the high pollution and high energy consumption properties. International industry transfer promotes China’s economic growth. In the meantime, it also causes the increasing of China’s demand for resources, and the pressure on environmental protection. At present, the shortage of resources and environment has already become the important factor that restrict China’s economic growth.Steel industry is an important foundation industry to support the development of national economic. It is an industry that has large consumption potential and high industry relationship. Steel industry not only plays an important role in the economic construction of our county, but also is the important sign of country’s industrialization. At the same time, steel industry is a typical "two high and one capital" industry, which means "high-energy-consuming, high-environment pollution and resource-dependent". During the steel production, it consumes a large amount of coal, water, iron ore, electricity and other resource, and a great number of wastes are produced, such as gas, water and solid. Since the "Twelfth Five Year Plan" proposed, government gradually speeding up the construction of ecological civilization, and promulgates a series policies to adjust the industrial structure. As a typical representative of "two high and one capital" industry, Steel industry has been the focus of the state management.In order to control the excess capacity and reduce pollution, The government has promulgated the "iron and steel industry development planning", "iron and steel industry revitalization and adjustment planning", "iron and steel industry’Twelfth Five Year’ development planning" and other policy guidance documents. Under the tide of "two type" society construction and the economic structure adjustment, China’s steel products exports facing a severe resource and environmental constraints, and it is urgent to adjustment the industrial structure.Based on this, From the perspective of resources and environment constraints, this paper firstly introduces the basic theory and policy of steel industry. Then, it systematically analyzes China’s steel industry production and export situation, including the scale and structure of production, industrial layout, the scale and structure of export and export flow. Then clear the resource and environmental constraints that restrain the export trade of steel industry, which includes raw material constraints, energy constraints, the problem of pollution, environmental regulation etc.. Based on this, by using partial equilibrium analysis and other method, the author explains the resources and environment constraints’ impacts on steel exports. Finally, on the basis of the above analysis, combined with the reality, the author put forward policy suggestions on the development of the steel export trade from the national macro level and enterprise micro level.The research results show that, the resource constraints has negative effect on the export trade of China’s steel industry competitiveness. The environmental constraint has negative effect on steel industry export trade in the short term, and has positive effect in the long term. In order to enhance the export international competitiveness, China’s iron and steel industry must change the existing extensive export growth mode, reduce resource consumption, and improve the degree of environmental cost internalization. |
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