Research On The Compensation Problem Of Peasant Income Of Collective Forest In Nature Reserves

In the early 1956, China started the construction of nature reserves.Half a century later until 2014, China has built more than 2,700 nature reserves at all levels with a total area of more than 146,992,000 hectares. However, many nature reserves in our country have a certain proportion of the collective forest land, and many nature reserves developed on the basis of collective forest land with strict resource management system, which directly led to a reduction of farmers’ income. Therefore,there is an actual conflict between nature reserves construction and peasant income. Especially with the full implementation of collective forest rights reform, the collective forest in nature reserves cannot bring actual income as the collective forest out nature reserves, so there is a sharp contrast on peasant income between in and out the nature reserves, which highlights the seriousness of the problem. This paper regards peasant income problem of collective forest in nature reserves as the research object and carries out the research from both practical and theoretical perspective.Through field interview, investigation and comparison analysis, we find that the farmers of collective forest in nature reserves have real difficult in earning income. In order to clarify the issue, this research analyses the existing problems of solution from the perspective of the means of compensation, which lays a solid foundation for the further study.Theoretically, the research focus is more a problem of public goods supply than a problem of income compensation in essence. Nature reserve as a kind of public goods should be supplied by the government, but many collective forest is included in nature reserves in the concrete construction, which brings about the fact that the forest farmers provide the public goods in person. As a result, the research problem transfers from a farmers’ income compensation into a supply of public goods. There are three common modes of public goods supply in theory which are governmental supply, market supply and social voluntary general supply. Then the article puts forward three supply modes of collective forest in nature reserves which comes into three compensation modes of farmers’income and analyzes the policy choice, basic characteristics and applicable conditions in each mode. Finally, this paper provides solution on the basis of partitioned management of nature reserves for levy or replacement of the collective forest in core area, rent or subsidies the collective forest in buffer and market development of the collective forest in experimental area. This research puts forward the policy design solution to peasant income of collective land in nature reserves and the countermeasures to guarantee the farmers’ income by using the public goods theory, the public governance theory and the policy tools theory.