Research On Pricing Problem Of Railway Freight Transportation

With the continuous development of economy in China, the people’s living standard has been improved and the GDP has increased year by year. The continuous development of the industry and the improvement of people’s living standard stimulate the growing demand of freight transport, such as the raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, daily necessities and so on. With the structural adjustment of the national industry, the freight demand of energy supplies and construction raw materials gradually slow down and the freight demand of the emerging high value-added goods increases. China’s railway freight transport has been undertaking military supplies, most of the bulk cargo and some scattered goods. Compared with the continuous market development of other means of transportation, the market development of railway freight transport is slow. The railway administration reform and the freight transport reform have eased the situation which is against to the development of railway freight transport, but compared to other modes of transport, the comprehensive competitiveness of railway freight transportation is still in the backward level, the market share of railway freight transport gradually reduced and the China Railway Corporation is still in debt operation situation. Therefore, positive research and analysis pricing problem of railway freight transport and discuss railway freight pricing methods and strategies from the theory and practice have an important significance in improving the competitiveness of railway freight transport, expanding market share of railway freight transport and increasing railway freight revenue to form a good development.On the basis of thorough analysis and research for option theory, modern logistics theory, railway freight pricing method theory, China railway freight pricing system and influence factors, this paper combined with the demand and supply of railway freight transport under the new situation, analyze the existing problems in China railway freight pricing and put forward the pricing strategy. Then established and solved the pricing optimization model of railway bulk cargo protocol transport based on option theory and the pricing optimization model of railway express freight based on supply chain. At the same time, the paper put forward some suggestions on the pricing of railway freight transportation.Firstly, this paper introduced the related theories and methods, and summarized the option theory, modern logistics theory, supply chain theory and inventory theory. Then, this paper introduced several typical railway freight pricing methods such as cost oriented pricing, supply and demand oriented pricing method, analyzed the theoretical meaning and factors that considered, and compared and summarized their characteristics and application of each pricing method.Then, the paper teased out the development process and characteristics of China railway freight pricing system from four stages, introduced pricing system of railway freight and other modes of transport, and further analyzed railway freight pricing impact factors from the aspects of national policy, the type of goods, supply and demand relations, competitive factors and transport costs. At the same time, the paper analyzed the demand and supply of railway freight transportation and the existing problems in China railway freight pricing and put forward the pricing strategy under the new situation combined with a series of measures.The paper introduced option theory into the pricing process of railway bulk cargo protocol transport, considered the changes of transport market price and the competition of other modes of transport, and established pricing optimization model with a goal of maximizing overall benefits of railway transport enterprises and client agreement. Then applied the model to an example and analyzed the limitations of the mode.Based on the rational analysis and from the viewpoint of modern logistics, the paper established railway freight pricing optimization model of railway express freight with a goal of maximizing overall benefits of supply chain systems which composed by the railway transport enterprise, a consignee and a supplier, applied the model to an example and analyzed the limitations of the mode.Finally, combined with the railway freight pricing optimization model, the paper put forward some suggestions on the pricing of railway freight transportation from the aspects of clarifying the rail freight costs, improving the level of railway freight services, and strengthening the thought of cooperation.