| Because economy of our country enters the new normal, economic growth is slowing and extensive growth pattern will be unsustainable. Rice production is facing challenges of the price "ceiling", production cost "floor" and resources and environment "hard constraints" at the same time, so there is an urgent need to improve the production efficiency of rice. The "No. 1 Central Document" of 2016 is put forward to optimize structure and regional layout of agricultural production, improve agricultural comprehensive benefits. In this background this paper will study the production efficiency and technical progress mode of rice production.The paper makes an empirical analysis to production efficiency and technological progress mode of rice using the costs and benefits of rice production and other relevant data. At first, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution changes of rice since 1978, and analyzed the single factor productivity of rice production from 1997 to 2014.Then this paper analyzes production efficiency of rice from 1997 to 2014 based on DEA and Malmquist index, and analyzes the factors that influence the production efficiency of rice based on DEA-Tobit two-step method. Finally this paper analyzes the growing rice production mode of technology progress with E-S model, the conclusions are as follows:1. Since reform and opening, change trend of China’s rice space layout is from south to north; the traditional southern rice area is gradually gathered to central China; northeast region’s labor productivity and land productivity were higher than in other regions and the national average, become the new main producing area of rice.2. The results of DEA show that the Northeast Plain has the highest production efficiency, followed by the Yangtze River Basin, and finally the southeast coast from 1997 to 2014; DEA-Malmquist index results show that annual growth rate of TFP in Northeast Plain is 1.1%, the Yangtze River Basin is 0.5% of and the southeast coast is 0.4%. The empirical test results of the affecting factors show that the level of economic development, science and technology development level, income dependence and marketization level have significant positive influences on production efficiency; basic education level has the positive influence of direction and natural disasters have the negative influence of direction, but not significantly.3. The results of technical progress mode analysis showed that technical progress mode of rice production from 1997 to 2014 in China is on mainly mechanical technical progress and biochemistry technical progress supplemented, that is, "two-track" model; the technical level of three production areas exists some differences: the Yangtze River Basin mechanical input-output elasticity is highest, followed by the Northeast Plain, the southeast coast lowest; Northeast Plain has the highest labor output elasticity, followed by the southeast coast, the Yangtze River Basin lowest; Northeast Plain biochemical inputs output elasticity is higher than the southeast coastal areas and alternative capacity of biochemistry investment to the land is also higher than the southeast coastal areas.Finally this paper proposes policy recommendations to enhance the overall production efficiency of rice: to increase water conservancy construction and other infrastructure in Northeast Plain areas; to support some counties where rice production has obvious advantages and rice farmers’ enthusiasm is high in southeast coastal areas; to give priority of preferential policy to the middle reaches of Yangtze River and strengthen the construction of transport infrastructure on the upper reaches of Yangtze River. For all the dominant areas we propose to accelerate the process of marketization and set up reasonable grain circulation system; reform agricultural subsidies and improve rice production enthusiasm; accelerate the advancement of science and technology levels in rice production; reduce the volatility of rice production caused by natural disasters and other causal factors. |
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