The "Picturesque" Cognitive Research On The Mountainous Rural Landscape In Guizhou

As an important cradle of human civilization, country is the most diverse and richest ecology system of culture. The rural development trend of future matters the development of human civilization in the future and the order and development of society. With the rapid economic development, it’s important to balance the relationship between the protection and development and to find a sustainable development way for country under the tide of urbanization and industrialization. It is necessary to find a scientific guidance in the practice of country, the protection of traditional villages, the construction of beautiful countries and the planning of the rural tourism to avoid the negative problems of the rural development effectively. Guizhou is a mountainous province with diversity of geographical environment and culture. The author deeply believes that the above jobs should be done to promote the future development of country in Guizhou. Effective theoretical and practical guidance should be made for the above three points of mountainous country in Guizhou. The in-depth comprehensive cognition on the value of country, especially the cognition on the value and meaning of the rural landscape is particularly important to make an effective theoretical and practical guidance for the protection of traditional villages and construction of beautiful countries and planning of the rural tourism, which is also one of the weak spot of domestic research of country at present.In humanistic geography, the landscape is mainly affected by two factors, one is the aesthetic subject, the other one is the landscape attraction that is composed to the line, color, space, environment of landscape and so on. The factors that’s composed to landscape are related to a specific relationship between human being and the nature closely. In traditional geography, the cognition of landscape pays attention to the objec-tive material layer instead of the relationship between human being and the nature, the aesthetic judgment of human and the core rural culture which plays a leading role.The author believes that the rural landscape is the stable and harmonious product of a relationship the villagers debug with the nature continuously from generation to generation, which is first dominated by the rural core culture. It’s a set of organic and ecological aesthetics system of landscape that contains the material and spiritual layers. The "picturesque" landscape theory mainly emphasis the forming regular of landscape, the cognition and creative effects of human. With the "picturesque" landscape theory, the author tries to build the cognition concept of the value and connotation of the rural landscape through literature retrieval and analysis of typical rural case to provide an effective guidance for the traditional villages, the construction of the beautiful countries and the planning of rural tourism. It is also a new attempt to strengthen humanistic concept and research in geography from the perspective of traditional geography. Some concepts and methods in cognitive science are used as one of the explanation and argumentation tools to observe and research the "picturesque" landscape. The theory of cognitive science is not in the research content of this paper.This paper carries out the research from the following several aspects:Firstly, by researching the developed theoretical system of the western "picturesque" and its rural landscape practice, the author tries to make up for some lacks of domestic landscape theory. The "picturesque" landscape theory formed in the UK and already has independent and developed theory system. It made a profound impact on the construction of rural landscape and modern rural tourism in Europe for nearly 300 years. At present the systematic and deep cognition research is rare in the do-mestic academic circles. By researching the western landscape theory of the "picturesque", the author tries to arouse the perception of the "picturesque" in domestic landscape research to promote the landscape aesthetics theory and practice research of the " picturesque" in China.According to the systematic research of the western " picturesque", the author found some things as follows: The original "picturesque" of British has close relation with the classical poetry and landscape painting; The "picturesque" has many aesthetic interests such as "diversity", "order and variation" and "close to the scenery" and so on; The "picturesque" landscape theory influences the aesthetic orientation of the UK and arouses a boom of "picturesque tourism" in British, and it also plays a decisive role in the construction of British country and landscape architecture, and has affected the development of modern rural tourism in British.Secondly, this paper refines and summarizes the "picturesque" referred to Chinese traditional landscape aesthetic ideas and explores its role and significance in the construction of Chinese traditional rural landscape. By comparing the differences between Chinese and western "picturesque", the author tries to probe the similarities and differences to provide the theory and method which has innovative significance and feasibility for domestic research of landscape, especially for the aesthetic research of rural landscape.From the research the author found that the "picturesque" of China also has close relationship with the landscape idylls and paintings; The aesthetic interest of the "picturesque" pursues the "particular and different beauty", "close to the nature", "friendly to the nature" and "after nature", and emphasis idyllic aesthetic conception and has the complex of "return home" and "emotional sustenance"; The "picturesque" inspires the aesthetic pleasure of people by emotional association and imagination; Many traditional countries has aesthetic characteristics and images of the "pic-turesque" and became the modern rural tourism destinations owe to the affects on the rural landscape construction from the "picturesque".Thirdly, according to the above research, the author tries to research and cognize the rural landscape of Guizhou mountainous province systematically and deeply. The author excavate and refine the value, connotation, aesthetic characteristics and images of the rural landscape in Guizhou. The research shows that the rural landscape of Guizhou shows the unique characteristics which owes to the diversity of geographical environment and culture,the historical memory and the unique living pattern besides the "picturesque" characteristics in common of Chinese and western. The author summarize and extract aesthetic images of rural landscape of Guizhou, such as the "mountain" and "water", the "tree" and "house", the "stone" and "fort", etc.Finally, based on the rural fieldworks the author did during three years in Guizhou, the author put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the protection of the traditional villages, construction of the beautiful countries and planning of the rural tourism through taking typical rural tourism planning as practice research and trying to establish the practice method and path of the rural landscape in Guizhou, which aims at providing the experience for reference for the other domestic "picturesque " research of the rural landscape.