| Land securities system is a system innovation of balancing urban and rural development, which is also an exploration to abide by public ownership of land, the red line of land and peasant rights. Since implement the land securities system in 2008, it has played an active role in protecting cultivated land, balancing urban and rural construction land allocation and protecting peasant rights, also has guaranteed the demand of construction land in urbanization and established a new way for taking back feeding Countryside, Peasant and Agriculture. Now deepening the reform comprehensively has entered into its hardest stage, and the new normal state sets higher requirement for land system reform. Land securities system is an important part of land system reform. In order to promote land system innovation, the most important task of present research is to play the advancement and superiority of land securities system, expand its function, construct a complete function system and propose strategy to advance and deepen the reform of land securities system.The research target is to analyze the basic and extending function of land securities system, construct the function system, analyze the restrictive factors, then put forward countermeasures. The research thought of this paper is shown as follows:(1) Through literature research, it masters the theoretical basis of land system reform, gets basic understanding the exploration and practice of land system reform at home and abroad.(2) It reviews the process of formation and development of land securities system, seeks its origin and analyzes the operation mechanism of land securities system and the operational situation of land securities trade market.(3) Based on Institutional change theory and Kos theorem, it analyzes the process, subject and type of the change of land securities system, researches the essence of land securities system.(4) According to the essence, analyzes the basic function of land securities system. According to institutional structure, it seeks the extending function by coupling land securities system and other system.(5) Analyzes the restrictive factors, then puts forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions. Main research conclusions are as follows:(1) Land securities system is originated from pothook of city construction land increase and rural residential land decrease, its operating mechanism improving constantly.The operation procedure includes four stages: reclamation, acceptance, transaction and use. The equity body includes peasant, collective economic organization, government and consumer. The income distribution mechanism had improved. By the end of 2015, the trading volume is 17.29×104 mu, the trading value is 34.565 billion yuan, the average price is 19.99×104 yuan/mu. Land securities mainly produce in the northeast and southeast of Chongqing, the landing area is mainly urban function cored area and urban function expanded area. State-owned enterprise and land reserve organization buy land securities mostly, the enthusiasm of private enterprise is low.(2) The institutional change of land securities system is compulsory institution transition led by government that respond to the demands.Government is the subject of land securities institutional change, which is also “the first action group”. Government is the subject of land securities institutional change, so the potential interests belong to every participant. Implement of land securities system must use the type of compulsory institution transition, and this can meet the demand of institution in a short time scale, remedy the institution gap. Land securities system is the innovation and improvement of pothook of city construction land increase and rural residential land decrease, firstly it can satisfy the need of construction land, meanwhile, it can achieve the goal of protecting cultivated land and compensating peasants.(3) The function of land securities system includes basic and extending function.The basic function of land securities system includes increasing urban construction land quota, protecting cultivated land and increasing farmers′ income. Land securities are as same as the urban construction land quota that assigned by the state, which can guarantee the demand of construction. Land securities system protect cultivated land more effectively by supplementing before using. Land securities system display the assets of rural land, increase the peasants′ income. According to the principle of institutional structure, cooperate with other institution, the effect will be better. The land securities system has five extending function. Cooperate with rural financial system, it can activate rural financial market. Coordinate with homestead system reform, in can code the management of rural homestead. Linkage with household registration system reform, it can guide population flow reasonably. Join with land expropriation system reform, it can let peasants participate with land increment income. Combine with new countryside construction, it can improve rural producing and living conditions.(4)The restraining factors of realizing the functions of land securities system include system design, system implementation and external environment.About system design, the rights of land securities are few, the land securities system lacks legal protection, the usable range of land securities is small. About system implementation, to guarantee the quality of reclaimed land is very hard, the illegal use of land in country is increasing, the land securities are overproduction. About external environment, the economy changes rapidly, the real state is depressed and the pressure of economic downturn is very high.(5) In order to realize the functions, it is basic to deepen the reform of land securities system.Firstly, adding the rights of land securities and giving the right of preemption to land securities holder. In the link of reclamation, the key point is to re-cultivate the homestead that belong to peasants in city. In the link of using land securities, on the one hand, adding the land-use type that should apply to land securities, on the other hand, putting land securities in country. In the process of institutional change, strengthening the subject position of farmers. Endowing farmers with the right of discourse and supervision. Building the mechanism of interest expression for peasants. At last, strengthening the implementation mechanism and enacting local regulation of land securities system. Offering legislative and judicial guarantee to land securities system. |
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