The Preliminary Development Of Family PMM Based On Environmental Economic Benefit

Alpine meadow is one of the critical rangeland ecosystem for ecological service and livestock production in Tibet Plateau. As a scientific manage tool, pasture management model(PPM) has a significant meaning to precision and modernization of animal husbandry. However, due to slow development of rangeland animal husbandry and its related information technology, there is no special PMM for family ranch on alpine meadow.With the development of computer technology and the quantitative and systematization of rangeland science, which provide PMM a new opportunities studying and practicing. The study took family ranch in alpine meadow as a sample, used Visual Studio Team System 2010, Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and C++ program language to develop a PPM based on ecological-economic theory, livestock precision management theory, suitable grazing theory and management of non-equilibrium theory, the goal is to build a general applicability and object-oriented PMM for family ranch in alpine meadow. The results showed as follow:1. The PPM involved data base, input module of production-ecological element, and output module of evaluation and optimization. The period from September(last year)to August(next year)as an operational cycle of animal husbandry. The input module recorded the production-ecological elements in term of forages supply, livestock demand of CP and ME, annual household’s income and expenditure, etc. The output model formed the Evaluation Crystal Report with herd production structures, pasture stock capacity, forage-livestock balance, rangeland health, pasture income and expenses. Besides, based on evaluation result, the output, model formed the Option Crystal Report(1/2/3) to help householder to make a scientific decision for pasture and livestock management.2. Selected a family ranch on alpine meadow to test the PPM, the evaluation results were: 1)The proportion of reproductive sheep and bred ewes was low in the herds’ structure, the proportion of ram was high. 2)On the forage-livestock balance, the proportion of crude protein(CP) between forages supply and livestock demand in cold season(October-May) was 1.35, 1.59, 1.19, 0.43, 0.68, 0.58, 0.46 and 0.48, respectively, which means the forage supply in cold season(January-May) was not enough to livestock demand, however, the proportion of CP between forages supply and livestock demand in warm season(June-September) was 2, 5.6, 11.6 and 5.5, which means the forages supply was adequate.The proportion of ME between forages supply and livestock demand in cold season(October-May) was 1.39, 1.63, 1.24, 0.49, 0.76, 0.67, 0.57 and 0.57, respectively, which means the ME of forages supply was inadequate in January-May, the proportion of ME between forges supply and livestock demand in warm season(June-September) was 2.1, 5.8, 13.4 and 6.09, which means the ME is enough. 3) The actual stock capacity in warm season was 135 SU, which was smaller than 246 SU estimated by the PPM, the actual stock capacity in cold season was 130 SU, which was bigger than 123 SU estimated by the PPM. The number of optimized reproductive sheep, ram and ewes were 70 SU, 5 SU, and 27 SU, respectively. 4)The evaluation score of rangeland health was is 87.92, which was sub-health condition. 5)The disposable income of family ranch was 9111 RMB, the total income from the ranch was 54700 RMB, the expenditure was 43297 RMB, and the net income was 11403 RMB.3. Because the evaluation results showed that the herds structure in the household was not reasonable, the stock capacity was over grazing, and the rangeland health was poor, hereby, the optimal program included: 1)The householder should increase the livestock number in warm season and reduce 12 SU ewes, 26 SU ram, breeding ewe 5 SU. The householder should sell white-yak, Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep, cattle, horse on his ranch because the economic benefit of these livestock was negative. In this case, the CP and ME of forages supply to livestock in cold would can increase 864.3 kg and 1.48×105 MJ, respectively. 2) The sown pasture should select Avena sativa.L.cv. Tian as ideal forage, the sowing time should be on May 10 every year and use drilling with 0.2 m space, the seeding rate should be 450 kg/hm2 with applying urea75 kg/hm2. The oats hay should mow in filling stage and spray 2.0 % Ca CO3 to process hay fast drying. In this case, the household can increase CP and ME of 912.1 kg and 6.5×104 MJ than before. However, the forage was still lack to livestock with the PMM evaluation, based on nonlinear model of GRG, the householder should purchase oats hay 17.5 ton and maize 0.18 ton to meet the livestock demand. In this case, the household can net income of 18667 RMB, which is more than before.