Evaluation For Ecotourism Environmental Carrying Capacity Of Taining Scenic Area

An index system of ecotourism environmental carrying capacity in ecotourism scenic was constructed and the hot spots（the Golden Lake and Shangqing River）of Taining Scenic Area was taken as the empirical research subject in this paper.According to the practical situation,the main indicators have been screened for evaluation of ecotourism environmental carrying capacity in Taining Scenic Area.To clarify the states of ecotourism environmental carrying capacity load,in-depth investigation and studies have been carried.By the methods of field visits,questionnaire surveys and environmental monitoring,data of indicators has been acquired for evaluation of ecotourism environmental carrying capacity in Taining Scenic Spot.Through MATLAB,SPSS,VB and other softwares,data analysis has been implemented.The major findings are as follows:（1）A model called PSR for evaluation of ecotourism environmental carrying capacity in ecotourism scenic spot has been constructed,which includes 5 layers and 27 evaluation indicators.Weights of indicators have been calculated and the judgment matrix Rl has been constructed by AHP.Verification with complete consistency of matrix Rl has been carried out by MATLAB.Hierarchical clustering of matrix Rl has been done by SPSS and the results shows that all indicators grouped into two categories whenλ=25.The indicators of second group,which accumulated contribution rate of indicators weights reaches 67.7%,have been selected as the key indicators for evaluation of ecotourism environment carrying capacity in Taining Scenic Area.（2）The warning system for ecotourism environment carrying capacity in Taining Scenic Area consist of the standard threshold of the key indices（U₁～U₁4）and the corresponding form of warning signals.By drawing on the classification of meteorological disaster warning signals and modifying it,the warning signals are divided into five levels:Ⅰlevel （severe low load）,Ⅱlevel （light degree of low load）,Ⅲlevel （balance）,Ⅳlevel （light degree of overload）,Ⅴlevel （severe overload）,followed by green,blue,yellow,orange and red.According to the principles of state and local environmental standards,industry standards and the level of development of local economic and social,the standard thresholds have been formulated and regarded as the benchmark for judging the indicators of the ecotourism environment carrying capacity of Taining Scenic Area.（3）The lower indicators of pressure index（U₁～U₅）have the evaluation results as follows:the boat carrying（U₃）is 15.53%,the raft carrying（U₄）rate of 29.39%,which are all underⅠlevel,severe low load,and the warning signals are green;tourist growth rate（U₅）reaches 12.93%,which is gradeⅢ,balance,and the early warning signals for the yellow;bed load rate（U₂）is 79.55%,underⅣ,mild overload,and the early warning signal for the orange;the traffic load（U₁）is 98.58%,underⅤ,seriously overloaded,warning signal is red.（4）The lower indicators of state index（U₆～U₁1）have the evaluation results as follows:noise pollution index（U₆）44.45,air pollution index（U₉）34.375,which are attached to theⅠ,severe low load,and warning signals are green;water quality standard rat（eU₇）is 83.33%,comprehensive score of evaluation on satisfaction of residents / visitors to the scenic（U₁1）reaches 80.2356 points,which are all underⅡ,mild low-load,and early warning signals is blue;Water integrated pollution index（U₈）0.468,comprehensive score of evaluation on congestion of residents / visitors to the scenic（U₁0）is 40.596 points,which are attached to the balance of gradeⅢ,and early warning signals for the yellow.（5）The lower indicators of response index（U₁2～U₁4）have the evaluation results as follows:solid waste and wastewater treatment rate（U₁2）of 100%,under theⅠ,severe low load,warning signal is green; environmental investment（U₁3）is 2.2%,underⅡlevel,mild low-load,early warning signal for the blue;index of environmental awareness of residents / visitors（U₁4）is 65.76,attached to the balance of gradeⅢ,early warning signal for the yellow.（6）The judgment matrixes have been constructed for evaluation of pressure index,state index,response index and overall indices respectively and demonstrated to be complete consistency.According to the membership function formulas,the membership function values have been calculated for evaluation of the main indicators,which constitute fuzzy membership matrixes.The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation has been done based on the weight matrixes calculated by AHP and obtained the following consequence:The pressure index underⅢ,balance,early warning signal for the yellow;the state index,response index and the overall indices for evaluation attach toⅡ,mild low-load,early warning signal for the blue.（7）U_nder the logistic curve for the life cycle of Taining Scenic Area,tourists carrying index 51.07%,attach toⅢ,balance,and the same to the load conditions of tourist growth rate.In the sight of Taining tourism life cycle,the early 21st century,Taining Scenic Area is in the development of eco-tourism and still has more room for growth.On the premise of beautiful ecological environment,explore the market and cultivate high-quality and low-carbon type of eco-tourism products actively.（8）Based on the census results of Taining tourism resources,fuzzy clustering to the 11 townships has been done and comprehensive evaluation for the ecological tourism resources of the cluster areas has been conducted by applying fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The results show that:The places of Taining Scenic Spot（Meikou rural）and tourism service distribution center（Shancheng town）have an absolute advantage in the indicators of resource elements,economic conditions,psychological conditions,quality evaluation of tourism resources.SectionⅠ～Ⅲcluster areas also have a distinct advantage in the indices of cleanliness,biodiversity and ecotourism carrying capacity.Playing the competitive advantage of ecotourism carrying capacity of ClusterⅠ～Ⅲ,mining health care ecotourism products,developing new tourist routes,to scatter the tourist flow in hot scenic spots and relieve the pressure on the tourist season.