Study Of Kin Recognition In The Tree Shrew

Kin recognition was one of the important ways to mammalian mate choice,mating system,and maintain of the community.Inbreeding is easier to harmful recessive alleles expressed in offspring,and results in the decrease of reproductive fitness,offspring mortality and malformation rate and increased incidence of a disease,which was not conducive to the survival of mammals' population reproduction.Thus,affinity identification was a prerequisite for animals to avoid inbreeding,which had great significance in mammalian breeding and reproduction.Chemical communications play important roles in kin recognition,mate choice,maintain of social classes,the stability of community structure,field maintenance,and evading predators,etc.Such as chemical communication of urine is one of the most important means for mammals to communicate,and smell of urine in kin recognition is very important and complex biological significance.Tupaia belangeri is a new experimental animal with potential application values in the field of medical biology.Based on the Tupaia belangeri as an experimental animal in the present study,on the basis of knowing whether the T.belangeri are related or not with kin relationship,composition analysis of volatile chemical substances in the urine,the observation of kinship behaviors and the identification of the affinity odor in the T.belangeri with kin relationship and non-kinship were measured,which to identify the components of effective volatile chemicals associated with affinity identification in the urine of T.belangeri with kin and non-kinship,to observe the behaviors of the common lives of T.belangeri in relationship and non-kin relationship,and to explore the different reactions of T.belangeri in the exploration of the odor of urine,the odor of the individual and the odor of life,finally to provide an important scientific basis for revealing the communication mechanisms of the family in T.belangeri.It is divided into three parts in the present study:1.GC-MS analysis of the urine of T.belangeri in solitary life,kinship and non-kinship(1)The main components of the volatile chemicals of urine were alcohols,alkanes,esters and ketones for T.belangeri lived alone,with kinship or non-kinship.(2)In the case of the material Formic acid and octyl ester,in the solitary life of the T.belangeri: “Formic acid,octyl ester” were not detected in the male urine samples,and the presence of matter were detected in the female urine samples.In the case of the individual living together: substances can be detected in all urine samples.In the case of non-related individuals living together: there was no detectable materials in the urine samples of the female and the male co-living.When female offspring and male offspring live together,the male urine samples can detect the presence of matter,and the female urine were not detected in the presence of the material.(3)The specific substances of urine in the common lifves of related individuals: “3-Decen-1-ol,(E)-”,“5-Hepten-1-ol,2,6-dimethyl-”,“[1,1'-Bicyclopentyl]-2-ol”,“5-Tridecene,(Z)-”,“2,4-Dithiapentane”,“Caryophyllene oxide”,“Cyclohexanol,3-ethenyl-3-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-,[1R-(1?,2?,3.beta.,6?)]-”,“Cyclopentane,butyl-”,“Phenol,2-chloro-5-methyl-” and “Corymbolone”;(4)The specific substances of urine in the common lives of non-related individuals: “?-Farnesene”;Relatives and the relatives in tree shrews live together in the urine of volatile components don't have the same number and types of speculation in tree shrews kin recognition by its volatile component types and content in the urine.2.Observations of the kinship behavior patterns of T.belangeri(1)The behaviors of activities,feeding,rest,grooming and other behaviors of the individual living together with relatives or non-relatives were related to the appearance and disappearance of photoperiod,which showed the circadian rhythm.And observe the behaviors of the individual with “stretching”;(2)The time of the attack behavior with related individuals living together occurred significantly less than that of non-related individuals living together(P < 0.01),and friendly behavior with related individuals living together was significantly longer than that of non-related individuals living together(P < 0.05),the time of marking behavior with related individuals living occurred significantly less than that of non-related individuals living together(P < 0.05);(3)In the observation of behaviors in the present study,the behavior of smell urine in T.belangeri was appeared,and the observation of smelling the faeces and pudendal were also revealed.3.Observation of affinity odor recognition of T.belangeri(1)Choice time in female parent to genetic relationship with the individuals were significantly longer than the individuals of non-kidship(P < 0.05),and the choice time for female and male offsprings were also significantly longer than the individuals of non-kidship(P < 0.01);(2)Choice time in parental female,female offspring and male offspring in tree shrews were significantly longer than the individuals of non-kidship to urine smell time(P < 0.01);(3)Choice time in parental female and the female offspring were significantly longer than the individuals of non-kidship to living magazine(P < 0.05),and the choice time of living magazine in were significantly longer than the individuals of non-kidship(P < 0.01).In conclusion,kin recognition in T.belangeri may be likely affected by the regulation of volatile chemical components in the urine,behavior patterns showed significant differences in kin relationship and non-kinship individuals.Moreover,smell factors,such as individual odor,urine odor,and environmental odor,could to influence kin recognition behavior in T.belangeri.