| Under the background of negotiations about climate change, the international aviation becomes the focus of negotiations due to the high liquidity, fast growth in the future. The international community has been working hard for building global emissions reduction mechanism.The MBM(Market-based Measure) is the effective way to solve the international aviation emissions, and it is highly regarded.With the MBM of international aviation emissions as object of the research, this paper summarizes and combs the core elements and principles of MBM, through in-depth analysis of the European Union EU ETS which is being implemented and the ICAO MBMs which are being discussed. It studies the evaluated standards and methods of MBM and puts forward how to evaluate MBM. The MBM evaluation standards include environmental effectiveness, cost efficiency and fair allocation. The evaluation methods include qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods. Fair allocation is not only the core and the most essential obstacle for international aviation to build MBM, but also the focus of the debate for nowadays. Therefore, the evaluation method of fair allocation is the focus of this article. Based on the fair income allocation, this paper constructs Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient of carbon to evaluate historical emissions fairness of international aviation in the quantitative way. The conclusion is that developed countries excessively occupy in the limited right of international aviation carbon emissions. Finally, it designs the evaluation standards and methods of future fair allocation, and evaluates the current main scarecrow ICAO solution, which points out its unfairness. Then put forward the suggestions for improvement. Groundbreaking research train of thought and the evaluation method which is taken of this article will provide reference for related policy evaluation, and promote the building of international aviation global MBM. |
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