Occurrence And Distribution Characteristics Of Typical Drugs And Preservatives In Aquatic Environment From Yellow River And Huaihe River Of Henan Section

Pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)including antibiotics,anti-inflammatory drugs,steroids,antidepressants,stimulants,antipyretics,antibiotics,disinfectants,perfume,cosmetics and many other chemicals which were widely used in daily life.Due to the large consumption,PPCPs may directly or indirectly through human activities occurred in the aquatic environment with the concentration ranging from ng/L to ?g/L(sewage,livestock breeding,fertilization,landfill leachate and atmospheric deposition etc.),sustained low concentration or sub toxicity of PPCPs exposure may pose unexpected effects on non target material,a potential threat to human and ecological system.In many countries and regions,groundwater which was mainly used for drinking water had been polluted by PPCPs.Yellow River and Huaihe River are major rivers in China,the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the upper reaches of Huaihe River in Henan Province as the main source of drinking and agriculture water,the quality of the ecological environment has important significance to study.UPLC-MS/MS technique was used to analyze 22 kinds typical drugs in 122 water samples and typical preservatives and 7 kinds typical preservatives in 122 sediment samples,temporal and spatial distribution in aquatic environment and degradation in natural environment were observed.The results showed that:(1)The concentrations of total antibiotics,anti-inflammatory drugs and antiepileptic drugs(?PPs)ranged from 22.7 to 1357 ng/L with the average values of 147 ng/L in Yellow River water,the level of single target compounds ranged from ND to 1328 ng/L;The concentrations of total antibiotics,anti-inflammatory drugs and antiepileptic drugs ranged from 13.1 to 118 ng/L with the average values of37.9 ng/L in Huaihe River water,the level of single target compounds ranged from ND to 34.3 ng/L.The residue levels of total PPs in Yellow River is about 4 times higher than Huaihe River,and the compositions of PPs also have the difference,the high detection rate and concentration of the Yellow River in aqueous phase are Norfloxacin,Paracetamol and Ofloxacin,however,Paracetamol and Ampicillin trihydrate are the most abundant PPs in Huaihe River,suggesting the different pollution sources of Yellow River and Huaihe River;Compared with other rivers around the word,in addition to the quinolones residue levels are higher in Yellow River,others PPs in this study are similar to other domestic researchs,but far lower than foreigncountries;Seasonal variation is obvious,the highest pollution level of PPs is in dry season,due to the pollution from different sources,the wet period pollution levels are different between Yellow River and Huaihe River;Significantly positive correlations are observed among Sulfapyridine,Ampicillin trihydrate,Roxithromycin,5,5-Diphenylhydantoin,Carbamazepin and Paracetamol,but DOC has no correlation with PPs,bioavailability may be low,and the ecological risk and health risk of PPs in the Yellow River and Huaihe River may be low.(2)The concentrations of total parabens ranged from 3.31 to 55.2 ng/L with the average values of 15.0ng/L in Yellow River water,the level of P-HB ranged from 2.99 to 20.8 ng/L with the average values of7.39 ng/L;The concentrations of total parabens ranged from 15.0 to 164 ng/L with the average values of58.7 ng/L in Huaihe River water,the level of P-HB ranged from 3.51 to 27.0 ng/L with the average values of 7.58 ng/L.The residue levels of total Parabens in Huaihe River are about 4 times higher than Yellow River,and the level of P-HB is similiar between Yellow River and Huaihe River,MeP and PrP are the predominant parabens,the detection rates and concentrations are higher in this study;Compared with other rivers around the word,the concentrations of parabens in water from Yellow River and Huaihe River are in the medium pollution level;Typical seasonal variations of parabens and P-HB are that higher in the dry period and the level period;Due to different addition/usage volume of parabens,the correlations of parabens are different between Yellow River and Huaihe River,but significantly positive correlations are observed between ?Parabens and P-HB,and the correlations between DOC and MeP and ?Parabens indicate that parabens can be adsorbed on the DOC,with strong migration and bioavailability,and has potential risks to human health.(3)The concentrations of total parabens ranged from 13.3 to 37.2 ng/L with the average values of 21.0ng/L in Yellow River sediments,the level of P-HB ranged from 21.5 to 3069 ng/L with the average values of 273 ng/L;The concentrations of total parabens ranged from 16.1 to 31.6 ng/L with the average values of22.6 ng/L in Huaihe River sediments,the level of P-HB ranged from 50.3 to 179 ng/L with the average values of 100 ng/L;The residue levels of total Parabens are similiar between Yellow River and Huaihe River,and the level of P-HB is about 3 times higher in Yellow River than Huaihe River,MeP and PrP are the predominant parabens,the detection rates and concentrations are also higher in this study;Comparedwith other rivers around the word,the concentrations of parabens in sediments from Yellow River and Huaihe River are in the medium but high pollution level,more attention should be paid to;Seasonal variation is not very obvious,unlike wastewater,paraben levels in sediments remain stable over time;Due to different addition/usage volume of parabens,the correlations of parabens are different between Yellow River and Huaihe River,but significantly positive correlations are observed between ?Parabens and P-HB.