| Lactarius volemus,a kind of ectotrophic mycorrhiza fungi belonging to the red mushroom,is a kind of ectomycorrhizal fungi of trees.It has an access to rich resources in Hubei,Hainan,Yunnan,Heilongjiang,Jilin,Guangdong,Guangxi,Hunan,total more than 20 provinces and cities.Dried mushroom also own a common price at a range of in 510 dolars/kg as common mushrooms.It is widely used in tobacco and food because of its unique flavor.Results showed that Lactarius volemus contained 16 kinds of amino acids of 14335.3 mg /100 g,of which 8 kinds were essential amino acids in the content of 5938.2 mg/100 g.It also contains Si,Fe,Na,Zn,Mg,Mn,Cu,Al,Ti and other essential mineral elements.Its water extract can enhance the human immune system and has an inhibition of the mouse sarcoma S-180 and Ai's cancer up to 80% and 90% respectively.Lots of studies have shown that polysaccharides have a wide range of biological activities,such as antibacterial,antioxidant,anti-fatigue,anti-blood glucose and anti-blood lipid,anti-virus,anti-cancer and so on,but Lactarius volemus polysaccharide?LVP?as a new kind of active substance,its extraction process,chemical structure,conformation,structure-activity relationship,physiological activity and other aspects are rarely reported.In view of the above current situation,this thesis makes some analysis and discussion in the research about the optimal extraction process,antioxidant activity in vitro and immune enhancement activity in vivo of the polysaccharide and its application in fermented milk respectively.In recent years,Response Surface Design?RSD?is widely used in the extraction optimization of polysaccharide molecular possessing activation.In this study,extraction conditions of LVP are optimized by central composite design?CCD?,that is,water bath temperature,water bath time and water to raw material ratio these three factors were determined,respectively.And finally,the optimal extraction conditions are gained: water bath temperature for 90 ?,water bath time for 4 h and water to raw material ratio for 33 m L/g.Under the optimal extraction condition,actual value of 2.18% is in line with predicted yield of LVP.Obtained crude product has been used for certain test analysis of basic physical and chemical properties.The results show that the coarse product has a strong scavenging activity some kinds of radicals and the IC50 of O2- ·,?OH,ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging activities of LVP were 868.16,280.00,342.06,167.65 ?g/m L respectively.Based on the confirmation of antioxidant bioactivity in vitro of Lactarius volemus polysaccharide,further studies about its biological activity in vivo are required.Large quantities of fungi polysaccharides are obtained under the optimal extraction conditions and Balb/c mice are fed with solution of polysaccharide for exploring its immune activity.During breeding,both experimental groups' and control groups' comprehensive immune index of mice' immune organs,immune cells and antibody levels and so on are monitored.According to the results,LVP does can significantly improve the ability of carbon clearance of mice's phagocytes,cellular and humoral immune function?p< 0.05?,namely the Lactarius volemus polysaccharide has immune enhancement effects on Balb/c mice.Flavor of fermented milk is deeply loved by people,therefore,it is a good carrier of nutrition fortifier.Lactarius volemus polysaccharide of gradient concentration will be applied to fermented milk with different unilaterally starter cultures and the basic physical and chemical properties,microbial properties and rheological properties of fermented milk are analyzed.The results show that Lactarius volemus polysaccharide can significantly promote probiotics multiply and enhance its ability to produce acid,and making a good flavor characteristics and structure features. |
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