Research On The Environment Kuznets Curve And Comparison Between The Different CO₂ Emission Policies

With the trend of global warming becoming more serious,The International Community focus on the reduction of Greemhouse gases more frequently.Many countries takes some measures to decrease the Carbon Emission because it is the major ingredient of Greenhouse gases.As the largeset economy in the developing countries,China's economy obtained rapid growth,industrialization and urbanization accelerated,and the people' s living standards improved in the recent 30 years,but all these 'miracles' appeared at the cost of destroying environemt.In 2008,China has became the world's largest C02 emitters under the background of global advocating energy conservation and emission reduction,Chinese government promise to undertake the great responsibility of reducing CO2 emissions.However,while in seeking to control and reduce CO2 emissions,China's economy may suffer great shock in lack of economic engines.Therefore,it is necessary to study the balance between the "low CO2" and economic development.This thesis concentrating on the formation of policies about reducing the CO2 emission in the perspective of government,and furthermore,it aims to figure out the correlationship between the CO2 emission and economic development.The article can be summarized into 7 chapters:Chapter 1 is an introduction,which describes the research background,the significance of the topic,the research route,the method of research,the main innovations.Chapter 2 is the overview of relevant domestic and aboard research literatures,at the end of this part is literature review.Chapter 3 illustrates how to apply the relevant policies to the coordination of low-carbon supply chain and relationship between government and entreprenurship.Chapter 4 learn to understand applicability of several policies from the angle of company's reduction,efficiency of cost and economy.Chapter 5 discuss the two primary policies---carbon tax policy and the allocation of initial carbon emission.Chapter 6 analyze the connection between C02 emission and economic development.Chapter 7 shows the basic conclusion and practical suggestion.The basic conclusions were shown as follows:Conclusion 1.The carbon tax,The cap-and-trade policy has same result to coordinate the low-carbon supply chain with different types of contracts,that is to say,income-sharing contract can not promote the coordination of supply chain,but profit-sharing contract need some certain condition to coordinate the low-carbon supply chain.From the view of government's regulation,its strong or weak action affects the company's low-carbon behavior---technology innovation or factor substitution.Conclusion 2:From the perspective of company's carbon emissions reduction,Fully-observed carbon emission standards policy is the best selection to stimulate the innovation of technology,From the view of controlling total carbon emission,the Tradable Carbon Emission permission is the most improper policy to restrain total carbon emission,but it spend the minimum cost on actualizing the relevant regulation;From the aspect of social-cost efficiency,the Tradable Carbon Emission permission is more reasonable than carbon emission standards,in terms of economic efficiency,carbon emission standards is the suboptimal result in the perfect competition market,carbon tax is not the optimal subsequence in the imperfect competition market.Conclusion 3:In the face of specific policy of carbon emission reduction,the carbon tax should be formulated by the special situation in market,such as market type or innovative level,and it should be altered along with the change of social marginal cost and technological level.The intial carbon quota must be allocated by Output Standard,Grandfather System and Bidding System according to the different phase of economy development.Conclusion 4:It proves that Environment Kuznets Curve should be diverse based on analyzing distinct phases among 29 provinces in china by using threshold model to solve the heterogeneity.In addition,the majority of provinces are in a"double-increasing" situation,namely,per capita carbon emission increased followed by the rise of per capita income.Finally,Urbanization,Indutralization,Population density and Energy consumption are the fundamental reasons to increase the Carbon Emission.