| China has witnessed rapid economic growth after the reform of market economy system.However,in the context of rapid economic growth,the excessive consumption of energy has apparently rendered energy shortage and environmental pollution as two very serious problems which restricted the development of the economy.At this stage,China's fossil fuel-based energy consumption structure is difficult to change,so to improve energy efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions is the implementation of energy-saving emission reduction work must face the issue.On the one hand,to improve energy efficiency,it is necessary to objectively understand what level it is in.This paper argues that the index of energy consumption per unit of GDP is not accurate,so this article selects the ecological total-factor energy efficiency(ETFEE)index that can consider environmental pollutants and other factors of production to objectively measure energy efficiency;on the other hand,to reduce the emission of pollutants,we must have an objective understanding of the economic losses caused by it,that is necessary to measure the cost of pollutant emission reduction.Firstly,based on the directional distance function and DEA window model,we employ energy consumption,capital stock,labor as inputs,GDP of 29 provinces as desirable output,a comprehensive pollutant index which was integrated by industrial solid waste,waste water,COD,CO2,SO2 as undesirable output to estimate the ETFEE of 29 provinces in China during the period of 2000-2015.Meanwhile,we analyzes the current situation and trend of ETFEE in the whole country,eastern,central and western regions;Secondly,based on Tobit model,we investigate the effect of industrial structure,energy structure,marketization level,opening level and energy price on ETFEE of the whole country and three regions;Finally,based on the quadratic directional distance function,we calculated the integrated pollutants shadow price of 29 provinces for 2000-2015,and the results were analyzed from the whole country,three regions and provincial level.Then we conducted a regression by employing integrated pollutant emission intensity,integrated pollutant emission,total import and export accounted for the proportion of GRP,the added value of secondary industry accounted for the proportion of GRP,the ecological total-factor energy efficiency as explanatory variable,the shadow price as explained variable.The main conclusions are as follows:For the mean energy efficiency of 2000-2015,the ETFEE of Fujian,Shanghai,Guangdong,Beijing,Liaoning and Heilongjiang are greater than 0.9(the top 6),in addition to Heilongjiang,the rest of are the eastern region.the ETFEE of Gansu,Qinghai,Shanxi,Xinjiang,Guizhou and Ningxia are less than 0.7(the last 6),in addition to Shanxi,the rest are the western region;The ETFEE of three regions showed"the highest in the east,followed by the middle,the worst in the west".Based on Quadratic Directional Distance Function,by improving energy efficiency,the output of national can average increase of 417.3366 billion yuan,at the same time,the input can average reduce 1577.882 tons of pollutant emissions.During the sample period,Beijing has the highest average cost of marginal emission reduction,with an average of 24,330 yuan/ton,the lowest cost of marginal emission reduction in Shanxi 0.546 million yuan/ton,the average shadow price of eastern region was the highest,at 17.53 million yuan per ton,followed by 1.274 million yuan per ton in the western region,the lowest in the central region was 11.94 million yuan per ton;The marginal cost of reducing emissions in cities with more developed economy is higher,and the marginal cost of reducing emissions in underdeveloped cities is relatively low.Further,based on the ETFEE and marginal abatement costs,the general idea of reducing emissions proposed by each region is:Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian,Jiangxi,Hubei and Guangdong need to invest more funds to promote technological development;Inner Mongolia,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,Anhui,Henan,Hunan,Guangxi and Hainan provinces have higher energy efficiency than the national average,but their marginal abatement costs are lower and they can increase their emissions by sacrificing certain economic output;Sichuan can take the measures of improving energy efficiency to achieve emission reduction.Hebei,Shanxi,Jilin,Shandong,Guizhou.Yunnan,Shaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia and Xinjiang have the lowest emission reduction potential and can sacrifice less economy Output to obtain more reduction in emissions. |
PDF Full Text Request