Research Of Road System Planning In Coastal Cities Based On Ecological Security

Coastal city is characterized by high population, industry concentration and ecological fragility. Its disaster prevention and mitigation issues are very important to the security of national important area. The construction during the rapid process of urbanization has caused the deterioration of city ecological security, and exacerbated the frequency of natural disasters and the extent of damage. As the beginning of construction, roads bring direct and indirect influence to ecological environment. This article aims to evaluate the ecological impact of road system and provide a new view for road traffic planning. It begins with a review of the scientific literature on ecological effects of roads, as well as the history of road traffic planning practice. Roads have six general effects on landscape and ecosystem of coastal citiestincluding threats to animals, alteration of the physical and chemical environment, changes in hydrological conditions, damage to coastal and marine environment, increased use of areas by humans and disturbance to landscape patterns, which are associated with the spatial structure features of road system. This article takes Binhai New Area as an example to quantify the land use and landscape patterns affected by roads, and explore the mechanism of road ecological impact. The study is based on the comparison of land use and landscape patterns during different periods according to the Geographic Information System,GIS2 and Remote Sensing,RS2 analysis. It turns out that construction land has been increasing significantly and the fragmentation of landscape patterns has been getting more and more serious. The ecological impact by roads decreases as the buffer distance increases, and changes with marginal landscape characteristics, road network structure and other factors. The framework of road traffic planning renewed based on the above research in aspects of work process, planning strategies, feedback mechanism, and security system. It is necessary to put the construction and the operation of road system in a scientific way through planning, management and assessment, in order to reduce the ecological impact and guarantee the security and sustainable development of coastal cities.