Study On Issues Of Water Resources In Israel

Israel is located in the eastern coast.of the Mediterranean Sea. Its northern areas are affected by the westerly wind belt and the subtropical high pressure belt alternately, forming a rare Mediterranean climate in the globe, with a mild and rainy winter and a hot and dry summer, and the annual rainfall ranging from 400 mm to 1000 mm. Its southern areas are affected by the subtropical high pressure zone and the trade winds with alternating control, forming a tropical desert climate, with a year-round drought and the annual rainfall of 300 mm. Therefore, Israel’s normal total precipitation is small, substantially decreasing from north to south, and its rainfall concentrates in the winter. Affected by the precipitation, the water resources in Israel also more concentrate in the north, but the central and southern regions have relatively limited the water resources. More than 80% thee water resources distribute in the region north of Tel Aviv, and there is a huge difference between north and south. In summary, the total water resources of Israel have congenital deficiencies, uneven distribution and other issues.Israel lacks the natural water resources, and its per capita water resources are one of the most severe country in the world. Therefore, the government of Israel attaches particular importance to the management of the water resources. Shortly after the founding of the State of Israel, the government was about to nationalize water, attached great importance to the development and utilization of the water resources, and continued to explore the potential of the water resources. It built a lot of water conservancy projects, particularly the construction of the National Water Carrier. Israel formulated the relevant laws and regulations, and formed the Water Law as the core of a series of water laws and policies. Depending on the situation and tasks for each period, Israel constantly adjusted and amended its water policies in the past decades, seeking to optimize the water management and water policies.With the support of relatively sound water policy, Israel has attained many remarkable achievements on the water resources development and utilization. The measures of the water resources development in Israeli include the water conservancy projects, the rain water harvesting, the cloud seeding experiments, the desalination, and the recycling waste water. Through the above steps, Israel not only increased the water supply, but also resolved the problem of uneven distribution of time and space of the water resources. In the continuing increase in the level of economic development and the population growing situation, it has to say a miracle that Israel can rely on a very limited water resources to support the normal operation of the national economy and society. The development and protection of the above in Israeli water resources is one of the main reasons for achieving this miracle.Another reason for Israel to achieve this miracle is that the protection of the water resources and water saving. In the conservation of water resources, the government of Israel have undertaken a lot of work, mainly in the development of relevant laws and regulations, improving the utilization of water resources, and optimizing the water distribution structure. Israeli water conservation is comprehensive. At the national policy level, the water conservation laws and policies played a fundamental role; at the education level, the education and publicity of state and society also played an integral role; at the technical level, the water-saving technology is the key to ensure the results of the water conservation. Through the above measures, the Israeli water conservation achieved very significant goals. The water conservation saves a lot of useful water for Israel, effectively easing its severe water crisis.Compared with the rest of the world, Israel has made a very outstanding achievement in all aspects of water resources, and its water technology and water management level is a world leader. However, Israeli attainment in the water is still not enough to resolve its water crisis situation. Due to the objective and subjective reasons, Israel is still facing a serious water situation, and there are still many issues to be resolved in terms of water resources utilization. For example, the water pollution, the environmental degradation caused by over-extraction of the water resources, and the water disputes with its neighboring countries and so on. Therefore, Israel still needs to improve its concerns on the water resources, to strengthen the working efficiency, and to actively seek the new approaches.