Research On Urban Traffic Structure Optimization Based On Low Carbon Target

Currently, the growing climate deterioration and energy shortage, these two have become common problems for all the mankind to handle. In the year of 2015, the participating countries reached an agreement on historic emissions reduction in the Climate Conference in Paris, which was of a milestone of great significance. For this purpose, the human society entered into the most unified, the longest period of emission reduction. Emission reduction has become the responsibility and obligations of countries all over the world. Since China's reform and opening up to the outside world, the process of urbanization and the growth of vehicle ownership is greatly rapid. And the transport departments gradually become the largest carbon emitters. Therefore, the transport departments need to shoulder the responsibility to reduce emissions and develop the low-carbon transport. At the same time due to limited resources, energy, environmental carrying capacity, some problems of urban transport development, such as haze pollution, traffic congestion, the traditional transport model does not suit to the current situation and can not support unlimited development of urban transport. It's the time to change. Therefore, constructing low-carbon transport, shifting urban transport development mode and optimizing the structure of urban traffic is not just the need of the historic opportunity, but also their own internal requirements.Firstly, this paper explains the concept and content of low-carbon transport, and puts forward the salient features of low carbon transport, low-emission, low energy consumption, which profoundly analyzes the keys of low-carbon transport is to change the development concept, the Government's top-level design and the cultivation of low carbon travel awareness of residents. The paper also focuses on analyzing the necessity of low-carbon transport from the four perspectives of the climate issue, energy shortages, the building of a harmonious society and international responsibility, emphasizing that the development of low-carbon transport is the objective requirements and the inevitable choice. Then it further explore the factors influencing urban transport carbon emissions from structural factors, technical factors and management, which helps to draw that fundamental or substantial reduction must rely the transform of urban transportation structure. Technical factors are the powerful boosters for the low-carbon transportation construction. Management factors,as an invisible hand, is also an important means to ensure the realization of low-carbon and plays an important role in the regulation and management, which is also the only factor to fully cover the human vehicle road.Secondly, based on the foregoing analysis of the impact of carbon emission factors, an evaluation system for low-carbon transport has been constructed. Evaluation system comprising five aspects of vehicles and facilities, transportation efficiency, resources and environment, traffic management, traffic socioeconomic adaptability, totally 22 evaluation indexes. For the qualitative evaluation indexes, the expertise scoring method is adopted. And the quantitative indexes refer to the Urban Traffic Management and Evaluation System Description(2012 edition) for scoring. The principal component analysis is used to determine the weighted values of the evaluation indexes, and then gray correlation method is used to evaluate. Taking the example of Lanzhou as empirical analysis, it shows that in recent years, the level of low-carbon transport in Lanzhou has increased year by year. At the same time, through analyzing the degree of correlation of all indicators, the obstacles to the development of urban low-carbon transport can be identified.Then aiming to maximize the overall efficiency of urban traffic and minimize the carbon emissions and the external costs, regarding the transport demand, transport supply, total energy consumption, transportation efficiency, environmental protection as constraints, urban transport structure optimization model, that is multi-objective linear programming model. A Case Study of Lanzhou used genetic algorithms to solve and obtained the ideal structure of traffic based on the low-carbon objective. The results showed that the urban traffic structure changed significantly, the car passenger turnover declined relatively. The goal of low energy consumption, low emissions has been achieved and the external transport costs are significantly reduced.Finally, in terms of transport facilities, vehicles, traffic management, transport policy, some improvement measures and suggestions for low carbon transport construction in Lanzhou City has been put forward.