The Study On The Safe Stowage & Securing Of Cargoes In CTU

With the development of international economy and society,there has been a rapid growth in commodity productions and exchanges between countries and regions of the world.International cargo transportations and multimodal transportations have become important links in the development of international economic integration.The Cargo Transportation Unit(CTU)has been gradually developed into the main transportation method of modern international multimodal transportations with their characteristics of reducing the costs of cargo transportations,being conventional in mechanical operations,being convenient in organizations in multimodal transportations,and improving transport efficiencies etc.However,to load the cargoes into CTU was basically on only experiences without any practical rules and standards.There were no reliable theoretical bases in aspect of force analysis on cargo securing after being loaded into CTUs,resulted into cargo improper stowage&securing,substandard lashing and cargo sliding and/or overturning,causing major incidents and property losses,especially the changes of transportation conditions in multimodal transportations making the cargo securing&lashings having met the standards in single transportation not to meet the requirement for all.How to ensure safety by completely and systematically verifying the cargo securing under integrated transportations,how to do the calculations against specific cargo securing and how to stow,secure,stack and shore the cargoes and apply dunnages to cargo in CTU have become an important topics.This thesis is just the farther study on the basis of the previous work done on cargo stowage&securing to have had further deeply and detailed researches,to have added specific details of the content,to have supplemented and improved the whole stowage&securing issues.Begun with the external forces exerted on cargoes in the process of multimodal transportations,methods of computation under specific securing models have been determined by researches to the accelerations and the safety factors to be considered in various transportation conditions,by referring to the standards and specifications under different conditions and by combining with the relevant theory of mechanics.Based on above analysis and research,cargo securing models have been built against various securing methods and under various kinds of transportation conditions.Several typical cargo stowage schemes have been identified thru the supplementations and improvements to the cargo stowage&securing.Basis on the cargo securing models,the cargo stable status under different securing methods in combined transportations can be determined,which have been tested by examples.And securing schemes can also be calculated and designed by use of the models.The typical cargo loading schemes presented in this paper can provide basic practical information and guidance for cargo packing into CTU.The built models can be used in force calculations of cargoes to realize the verifications on the system safety of cargo lashing&securing in multimodal transportations to avoid incidents in changes of transportation methods.