The Morphological Characteristics Analyses Of Urban Historic Space In Hanzhong

Hanzhong,located in Hanzhong basin,with mild climate and rich products,is a livable landscape city,also is the national famous historical and cultural city.It firstly began to be built in the Warring States Period.All armies of all kinds of dynasties fought here to own it,so it is unique at its urban construction.However,under the shock of the rapid urbanization,there are only some dotted historic sites and several historical and cultural blocks left in Hanzhong.The characteristics of the city lack heavily.The surrounding landscape environment has also been partly destroyed.While the analyses about its urban city and traditional architecture are just a little,the author attempts to analysis the city space and form with the historical perspective,and to find the “prototype” of the city by the vision and the methods of architecture and architectural history,which will provide the theoretical foundation for the future construction and the development of the city.The writer chooses the old Hanzhong city as the research object in this paper.She will card the historical evolution and summarize the morphological characteristics of the urban historic space in each period,especially in Ming Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era.The analyses about the urban historic space form are mainly divided into three aspects: the macro one is the landscape pattern,the medium is the evolution of the city form,and the micro is the internal elements of the city.Try to analysis the macro pattern of the city firstly,including its landscape environment,the main idea to build the city and the methods to construct its landscape pattern.It has a perfect landscape pattern,which was surrounded by mountains located at its north,east and south.Furthermore,there are four rivers around the city,including the Han River at its south.Then analysis the variation and regulation in the city development and parse the influence factors.It was built in Qin Dynasty and then was moved and rebuilt for several times.The present site can be dated from Song Dynasty.It was repaired in Ming Dynasty,and then moved its northern walls to the further north for more than twenty meters.The city constructed by soil named “Dongguan” was built beside the main city in Qing Dynasty.There was only the main city left in the Republic of China era,whose shape has been kept until now.The main factors which influenced the city form were the wars and the disasters from the Han River.The goods could also be transferred through the river to make the business and the economy develop faster,which made the blocks outside the city extend to influence the city form.Apart from these,the form was also changed by its natural environment,the increasing population and the traditional ideas.Thirdly,try to classify the internal elements of the city form and analysis each one,mainly including the walls,streets,internal space partitions,landmarks and the dwellings.Attempt to summarize the relations between them and the inherent characteristics of the city.The walls limited the boundary.The streets system divided into three levels formed the skeleton of the city.The whole internal space was divided into several parts according to their functions.The governments were in the center,while the temples located dispersedly.Educational institutions gathered mainly in the southwest and near the North Street.The commercial institutions preferred to locate at the southeast.The landmarks became the symbols in their areas,which could be the perceived images.A large quantity of dwellings with long and narrow shape joined together to constitute the urban texture.All of above influenced each other to form the typical morphological characteristics of the Hanzhong.Finally try to analysis the differences when compared with the present urban space,and attempt to provide some thoughts and methods to solve the existed problems in the city at present through my research achievements,which will be expected to guide practice in protecting famous cities,finding characteristics and urban renewal updating.