Model Test Research On Filling And Emptying System Of Large Extra High Head Shiplocks

With the recent years development of Western China and the implementation of “West River golden waterway strategy”,there were more than 10 high dam water conservancy have been established in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River,the Lancang River,Red River,and the Yellow River.All the heads of the rivers are more than 40 m or even close to 200 m.The planning and construction of hydropower project also promoted China's shipping industry.For example,in the "Red River comprehensive utilization planning”,there has been established 7 cascade hydropower,water conservancy,shipping hub in the layout of river,i.e.,the Longtan,Yantan,Dahua,Bailongtan,Etan,Datengxia and Qiaogong.Since the west river regime is narrow,it is difficult to arrange multi projects and the investment is also large.Especially when close to the head,the project investment and technology is relatively low when compared with the single level lock and ship lift.With the construction of some high dams,it is need to settle the problems in the navigation of the high dam.After constructions of Gezhouba Dam,the Three Gorges,Dahua,Letan and a number of high head locks,we have accumulated lots of experiences in the construction of a high dam,and the high head lock hydraulics in China,which allow us to research the 40 m super high head lock.Therefore,it is necessary to study the key technology of ultra high pressure suitable for the characteristics of China's West Gate River.The established highest level of single head lock is the former Soviet Union-Mino found the card nicolsky lock(H=42m).But because of the poor performance of water delivery,the irrigation time is 27 min.The second highest level of single head lock is the Dnieper hydropower station line lock(H=38.7m,T=12.3min)and Brazil Kuru Iraq,of which the total head is 72.8m and single head is 36.5m.Thus,there have not yet been successful experiences of building a single ship lock over 40 m head in the world.This paper takes the Datengxia lock for example.The single gate water conservancy project in Xijiang River Datengxia on Datengxia lock is located on the first staircase of the left bank of Qianjiang.The project comprises of the upstream approach channel,channel gate first,lock,lower lock head and downstream.The total line length is 3735 m.The maximum navigation of the ship tonnage is designed as 3000 t grade.The lock body length is 385 m with the effective size of 280 m * 34 m * 5.8m(length * effective width * threshold depth).The maximum water head of ship lock design is 40.25 m,and the designed volume of represents ship(team)are 3000 t single ship and 2 * 2000 t pusher fleet.Regardless of the scale or the working head,Datengxia lock is located at the highest level of the world.The single water volume is 1.8 times of the middle level of the Three Gorges(design head 45.2m),and the energy of the single water volume that pouring into the chamber is about 1.4 times of the Three Gorges ship lock.Thus,it is necessary to deeply study the Datengxia navigation lock hydraulics and related problems of the system,which has very important significance to ensure the operation of ship lock and ship lockage safety.The ship lock water conveyance system includes water inlet,water conveyance gallery,water delivery valve,water outlet and energy dissipation facilities.The design layout of water conveyance system directly affects the safety and the ability of the lock,the ship and the ancillary structures.This paper established a 1:30 model of Datengxia lock,experimentally researched the gate chamber center imported vertical distribution corridor of the one gate bottom branch Gallery with four section of the roof support hole water cover test study on energy dissipation type water system can form and the two side hole section water ditch,emptying system layout and.Determined the layout and opening method of the lock filling and emptying system,ensured the berthing conditions in the lock chamber,measured the hydraulic performance parameters,water supply system and analyzed in detailes of the hydraulic characteristics.The research can adapt to the reasonable layout of water conveyance system of large type super high head lock.Through the study,the water-carriage system established basing on energy dissipation type of cover plate in four section and the two section ditch water supply system by eliminating type optimization are demonstrated fully meeting the design requirements of high head lock.Our research results provided theoretical foundation for design and construction of the high head lock.