Pharmacodynamic Study Of Amikacin Using Dogs As Target Animal

Amikacin is a novel semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with broad-spectrum and high efficiency. It is characterized by its broad spectrum antibiotic and powerful antibacterial activity. As amikacin has S-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid, it is difficult to find its resistant strains because its structure can protect amikacin from inactivating enzymes produced by resistant strains. Although the bacteria are resistant to other aminoglycosides, they are still sensitive to amikacin. Because of its advantages including high value of clinical application, inexpensive and lower toxicity than others in the same small renal, amikacin has been widely used in the veterinary clinic. Currently, the main treatment for bacterial infections is using antibiotics in pets clinical. As the resistant strains emerge due to the abuse of antibiotics, the efficacy of antibiotics need to be checked at any time. This experiment artificially established bacteria infection model, verify the bactericidal action of amikacin in vivo, and provide reference for the use of pet clinical medicine.Experiment ⅠAccording to clinical urinary tract infection in dogs is mainly caused by E. coli with infection routine that upstream from the urethra to the bladder, and then with the urine from the bladder to the actual characteristics of the kidney reflux, combined with the adhesion of E. coli essential environment, damage to the bladder mucosa acidification conditions, we use retrograde through the catheter into the amount of E. coli modeling approach to establish non-surgical canine model of acute urinary tract infection. The modeling was proved effective by urine bacterial culture, comprehensive evaluation of urine routine examination, urinary voiding action histopathological observations, combined with body temperature, weight, diet, blood, and mental status, and many other indicators. The modeling method is repeatable and convenient, providing a basis for pathological model and a viable way of madding case mode for other research of urinary tract infections of canine.Experiment Ⅱ18 pathological model dogs, divided into 3 groups including model group, amikacin group and gentamicin group, were subcutaneously treated by saline, amikacin with clinical recommended dose (10 mg·kg-1) and gentamicin with clinical recommended dose (10 mg·kg-1) for 7 d, respectively, sid. Meanwhile, conduct bacteria inhibition experiments in vitro to measure the inhibition zone by agar diffusion, and MIC by microdilution.The results showed that both amikacin and gentamicin were sensitive against Staphylococcus aureus. Compare to gentamicin, amikacin showed stronger inhibitory effect. After administration of amikacin, the amount of bacteria and white blood cells in urine decreased. Blood leukocytes was gradually dropped to the normal range and the temperature returned, growing spirit back to normal, difficulty voiding symptoms gradually ease, water intake gradually picked up a slight upward trend in weight, anemia improved, continuous medication 7 d can be basically recovered, and the recovery rate and the overall situation is slightly better than the gentamicin group. Amikacin group and model group detection indicators presented in discontinued after 7 d with significant difference (P<0.05), showed amikacin injection is effective in treating urinary tract infections in dogs, rational its recommended dosage.Our results can provide a reference for the use of pet clinical medicine.Experiment IIIClinical lower respiratory tract bacterial infections in dogs are mainly oriented to bacterial pneumonia. According to clinical onset of bacterial pneumonia in dogs is Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and other pathogens from the respiratory tract into the lower respiratory tract infection to the lungs and then the actual features, combined with the Chinese rural dogs resist force strong practical difficulties in non-specific immunosuppressive conditions, we use the trachea through the skin puncture injection amount of Staphylococcus aureus to establish non-surgical canine respiratory infection model. The modeling was proved effective by blood, X-ray examination and observation of respiratory pathology, combined with a comprehensive evaluation of body temperature, weight, diet, blood biochemistry and mental status, and many other indicators. This model provide basis for the next amikacin anti-respiratory infections in dogs and a pathological model based on studies of other respiratory infections in dogs.Experiment IV18 pathological model dogs, divided into 3 groups including model group, amikacin group and gentamicin group, were subcutaneously treated by saline, amikacin with clinical recommended dose (10 mg·kg-1), gentamicin with clinical recommended dose (10 mg·kg-1) for 7 d, respectively, sid. Evaluate the general symptoms of bacterial anti-inflammatory effect by observing dogs suffering from blood index, blood biochemical parameters and X-rays.Meanwhile, evaluate amikacin and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus via conducting bacteria inhibition experiments in vitro to measure the inhibition zone by agar diffusion, and MIC by microdilution.The results showed that both amikacin and gentamicin were sensitive against Staphylococcus aureus. Compare to gentamicin, amikacin showed stronger inhibitory effect. After administration of gentamicin and amikacin group of white blood cells in the blood group was gradually dropped to normal range, other routine blood and blood biochemical abnormality indicators have recovered. Lung disease has been reduced, the two treatment groups with each group to detect indicators of the model showed a significant difference (P <0.05) at 7 d after the withdrawal, indicating amikacin and gentamicin group showed significant group effect, and from all indicators, compared with gentamicin and amikacin group slightly better recovery.To summarize, amikacin had a significant effect against respiratory infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.