Research Of Difference In Vigor And Physiology Of Wheat Seed Produced In Different Region

Seed vigor is a comprehensive concept, and the germination ability is reflected by seed vigor in different environment, it usually related to the germination ability and producing performance, it also the reflected seed value. Characteristic of the high vigor seed is sprouting early, neat and resistant to stress environment, besides, it has growth advantage and production potential. The germination potential and germination rate of low vigor seed is low, moreover, it sprout late. Therefore, the selecting high vigor seed is crucial to agricultural production. Jimai 22 which was grown in 16 regions was used as materials, seed size, grain weight, electrical conductivity and the activity of dehydrogenase, antioxidant enzymes, α-Amylase, were tested to study the differences of seed vigor in different regions and the physiological basis and explored the suitable conditions for the production of high vigor seeds. The main results were as follows:1. The seed vigor in different regionsWheat seeds in different regions had differences in germination potentiality, germination rate, germination index and vigor index, the germination rate of the seeds which had lower germination potentiality was low, however the germination index, vigor and germination potentiality, germination rate was not exactly the same. In general, the germination rate in all regional tests was higher than crop seed quality standards. We could see from the relation of seed vigor and field population, the basic seedlings were 0.15 million/mu or so, the highest total number of stems were around 0.90 million/mu, the effective panicle number were around 0.40 million/mu, the panicle percentage were between 40%-45%. 2. The differences of seed size and 1000-seed weight in different regionsIt had great difference of seed length and width of Jimai 22 in different regions, the length of seed was between 6.4-7.0 mm while the width was between 3.0-3.5mm. There was great difference of 1000-seed weight(the 1000-seed weight is from 42 to 45g) in different regions and the difference between the maximum value and minimum value was higher than 10 g. For example, the minimum of 1000-seed weight in Juxian of Rizhao city was 34 g, Academy of agricultural sciences in Yantai was 36.6 g, Academy of agricultural sciences in Weifang was 36.3 g. Pingyi of Linyi was 37.9 g, the maximum in Liaocheng huidefeng was 48.4 g, the next one was Bincheng of Binzhou which the 1000-seed weight was 47.4 g. The average of 1000-seed weight in other areas was 40 g, it indicated that the ecological conditions had great influence to 1000-seed weight of Jimai 22. 3. The electrical conductivity, dehydrogenase, antioxidase of wheat seeds in different regionsIt had great difference of electrical conductivity, α-Amylase, dehydrogenase, antioxidase in different regions. With the increasing of soaking time, the soaking liquid conductivity of wheat seed in all regions shown a gradual increase. Besides, with the increasing of soaking time, seed conductivity difference was stable. α-Amylase and dehydrogenase activity of high vigor seeds was higher than low vigor seeds. There was no correlation between antioxidant enzymes and the seed vigor. 4. Correlation analyses of seed vigor, 1000-seed weight, wheat plant populations and physiological index in different regionsThe correlation analyses showed that the daily mean temperature from the seeds formation to mature stage and germination potentiality was significant positive correlation. There was no correlation between 1000-seed weight and germination potentiality, germination rate, germination index. However a significant positive correlation was found between 1000-seed weight and total seedlings dry weight. Besides there was significant positive correlation between 1000-seed weight and vigor index. Correlation between the highest number of total stems and 1000-seed weight, rate of panicle was negative significant. The correlation analysis between conductivity value of seed soaked in the water for 10 h and the germination index, vigor index showed significantly negative correlation. The electrical conductivity and 1000-seed weight, the activity of α-Amylase was significantly negative correlation. A significant positive correlation was found between the seed dehydrogenase and germination index, vigor index. The activity of α-Amylase was statistically correlated with germination potentiality. There was significant correlation between the activity of α-Amylase and germination index, vigor index. There was significant correlation between the activity of α-Amylase and total seedings dry weight, 1000-seed weight. The activity of antioxidant enzyme and seed vigor was not significantly correlated. 5. The influence of gibberellin treatments to seed vigor, activity of dehydrogenases and α-amylaseSeed vigor in 16 regions was tested, the seed in Linyi Pingyi, Yantai and Binzhou Bincheng which the germination rate were respectively 92, 91% and 92.8% were chose to be treated with different concentrations gibberellin. We draw the conclusions that 30 mg/L GA could increased the seed vigor, activity of dehydrogenases and α-Amylase.