The Preliminary Research On The Fruit Dropping Mechanism Of Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera Caerulea L.)

Blue honeysuckle(Lonicera cearulea L.) is Caprifoliaceae(Caprifoliaceae) Lonicera(Lonicera Linn) perennial deciduous shrubs,which fruits riched in anthocyanins, vitamins, mineral elements and amino acids and other substances, within a high nutritional value and health, much favorited in Russia, Japan and the United States and other developed countries. There were riched in wildlife resources in Greater and Xiao Hinggan Mountains in china, however, the presence o f mature fruit drop easy problem compared to those of wild resources with Russian resources, severely restricted the blue honeysuckle industrial development, to production inconvenience. Therefore, to clarify the mechanism of blue honeysuckle fruit drop ha d important theoretical and practical significance.Selecting ‘Berel ’ that was not easy to drop and‘HSY’that was easy to drop which growing relatively,eight years,consistent with site conditions as test material,Observing the flower and fruit’development processes,of which ‘Berel ’ that was not easy to drop and‘HSY’that was easy to drop,to clearing blue honeysuckle’ major phenophase;Comparing ultra and microstructure of the cells which lied in the two species stalk’ abscission zone,and determining the changed of the main activity and endogenous hormone content that influenced fruit shedding.Revealing the formation processes of fruit ripening off and mechanism o f blue honeysuckle and providing a theoretical basis to breeding varieties of fruit that was not easy to drop and developing measures to reduce the shedding of fruit.The main results were as follows:(1)According to field observations of the development of blue honeysuckle fruit divi ded into: young fruit enlargement period,veraison and fruit ripening.There were significant differences in the two strains of fruit shape, surface smoothness, the base feat ures, sepals positions and so on,especially the difference of stalk length.(2)The observation of stalk of separation microstructure showed that blue honeysuckle abscission layer which existed between the fruit and stalk was formed orderly. Cell fraction o f separation occurs continuous changed with the development of the fruit in cell structure.With the ripening process forward,the cell in abscission layer was initially formed,then majority of cell lysised,hip fracture appeared obvious,extended to the xylem and cortex tissue,finally maintained by vascular bundles alone,ultimately the fruit to fall off under external influences such as gravity, wind, etc.(3)Ultrastructure of ‘HSY’ and ‘Berel’ fruit displayed that there was insignificant at the cell structure of young fruit enlargement. A certain changed in the cell structure during fruit veraison.The cells of ‘HSY’loosely arranged, cell wall thickened, swelled the intercellular space, the organelle which number increased significantly near the membrane was completestructure.With progressive ripening,cells of‘HSY’ was significantly vacuolated,diluted membrane,layered and separated membrane and cell wall,diss olved partially organelles and significantly reduced the number.The protoplasts remained small amount of vesicles, mitochondrial structural integrity, a certain number remained.While ‘Berel ’ arrived mid-mature,cells structure became loosely,partially cells vacuolated,appeared intercellular space,until the end of fruit ripening intercellular layer disappeared.(4)The fruit drop of blue honeysuckle was related to PG, PME and β-glu activity changes, it was one of the main factors affected the blue honeysuckle fruit drop.In young fruit enlargement period, in ‘Berel ’ CE decreased slowly,the curve of PG, PME and β-glu activity showed an upward trend,PG reached a maximum of 136.51(U/L).In ‘HSY’was also increased,while CE, PME and β-glu showed a downward trend. With fruit turned purple,CE,PME activity of ‘Berel’ increased,PG and β-glu activity decreased, CE, PG, PME and β-glu activity of‘HSY’showed a slowly decreased. At the fruit maturity,CE, PG, PME and β-glu activity curve of ‘Berel’ and‘HSY’showed an upward trend,and PG, PME and β-glu activity reached the highest value at the beginning of fruit ripening of ‘HSY’higher than ‘Berel’ activity.(5)Four kinds of changes in hormone content of fruit stalk abscission zone was closely related to fruit drop of blue honeysuckle.At young fruit enlargement period,in ‘Berel’ ABA rised speed faster than ZT,GA downward trend,and GA, GH content higher than‘HSY’,especially GA to‘HSY’was 1.634 times.In‘HSY’ GA, ZT upward trend,ABA decreased rapidly,GH was still almost a straight line.During veraison, in ‘Berel’ABA, GH was still the original forward rate,but GA rised to peak times,ZT reduced to a minimum.A sharp rised in GA and GH of‘HSY’,GA reached the highest point,ABA and ZT sharp declined.With fruit ripened,the trend of ABA and GH rised after the first declined of ‘Berel’,ZT are reversed,GA had an inverted “S” shape change and reached the highest point.At the ‘HSY’ also found in GA inverted "S" shape change and reached the highest point,ZT also first rised then falled,but GH and ABA had a sharp rised then decreased,Wherein GH minimum.