Prevention And Control Of Main Pests (Mites) On Jujube And Walnut By Biological Pesticide And Its Safety Evaluation

With the improvement of people's living standard, health foods get more and more favour by people. As natural health foods, the traditional Chinese jujube and walnut have wide range of planting area, Xinjiang is one of the biggest production basees of jujube and walnut in China. In order to guarantee the quality of the products and production, the use of pesticides is inevitable. The insecticidal ability of traditional chemical pesticide is strong, but its toxicity, high residue, easy to cause environmental pollution. As a substitute product, biological pesticide has good environmental compatibilities, low toxicity and low residue which are receiving more and more attention. In this paper, four kinds of biological pesticides were used(include abamectin, matrine, neem element, bacillus thuringiensis) in the process of jujube and walnut planting, at the same time, chemical pesticides were also used to control pests and diseases. Meanwhile, the control effect, safety evaluation, pesticide residues and fruit quality were also investigated.Chromaphis juglandicola is one of the important pests of xinjiang walnut region. In this experiment, two kinds of biological agents and three kinds of chemicals were selected to prevent and treat the Chromaphis juglandicola. Results showed that prevention and control of insecticidal effect of 0.5% matrine reached 98.91 %, which were similar to two kinds of chemicals(100 %).Bordeaux spiders, Eulecanium gigantea and Contarinia sp. are three main pests in Chinese jujube cultivation. In these experiments, different kinds of biological agents were used to validate the effects on the three kinds of insect pests. The results showed that 0.5 % sophocarpidine and 3.2 % avermectin EC has the strongest ability in prevention and treatment of Bordeaux spiders, which were safe to jujube and could be popularized in production practice. For the Eulecanium gigantean, 20 % imidacloprid soluble liquid agent, showed an excellent prevention and treatment effect, and it is quick and safe. For the prevention and control of Contarinia sp, Azadirachtin showed an excellent ability, which is not only has a good control effect, but also could reduce the pest resistance and pesticide residue.Uptake method and contact method were used on the Italian worker bee Apis mellifera L. Cady to measure the toxicity of four kinds of bio-pesticides. And the results showed that four kinds of biological pesticides toxic to bees was high intake of drugs, exposure to toxic was low toxicity. And the toxicity of four biological pesticides to Harmonia indoors was tested. The result showed that the highest toxicity of bio-pesticides was imidacloprid, followed by Bacillus thuringiensis, avermectin, matrine and azadirachtin minimum.At last, the residual amount of biological pesticides and fruit quality were determined. And the results showed that the remaining amount of the biological pesticides used in the cultivation process of jujube was far lower than the national or international standards. The remaining amount of the biological pesticides used in the cultivation process of walnut was almost negligible. And a detailed analysis found that dates and walnuts after spraying of biological pesticides were safe to eat. In terms of fruits quality, nutrition parameters of bio-pesticides sprayed dates and walnuts no change, but on the physical parameters, fruit volume increases after application of biological pesticides.