Analysis And Safety Evaluation Of Six Pesticide Residues In Common Fruits And Vegetables In Northeastern Chongqing

Fruits and vegetables are an important part of daily diet,and their quality and safety are directly related to the health and life safety of consumers.With the widespread use of pesticide,pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and other foods are caused.In recent years,food safety incidents caused by pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables have occurred frequently.Therefore,the detection and analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is of great significance to ensure people's life safety.On pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sold in chongqing northeast barely reported status quo investigation,this paper select a organochlorine pesticides,a disabled four kinds of pyrethroid pesticides and pesticide as the object of monitoring and evaluation,combining with the characteristics of northeast of chongqing residents diet,mainly from chongqing northeast nine counties,collected 7 major market selling fruits and vegetables,a total of 1105 batches,to establish and optimize the gas chromatographic detection of six kinds of pesticide detection method at the same time,the collection of samples for testing and analysis,and USES the method of food safety index for safety evaluation.By optimizing the parameters of the gas chromatography,such as the inlet temperature,column velocity and temperature rise program,the instrument method for simultaneous detection of six pesticides was established.The pretreatment of samples was optimized by investigating the extraction solvent,dehydrating agent,single purifying agent and combination of multiple purifying agents of the three substrates,and a treatment method for simultaneous detection of six pesticides in fruit and vegetable samples was established.The detection limits were 0.0004?0.003?g/kg.The recoveries were 80.46%?118.00%at low,medium and high concentration levels,and the RSDs were 2.57%?11.73%.The test results of the method are all in accordance with the requirements and can be used for sample analysis.A total of 1105 batches of 7 kinds of fruit and vegetable samples were determined by the established method.The results showed that the detection rate of pesticide residues was51.58% and the over-standard rate was 2.35%.Among them,the detection rates of leafy vegetables and solanthus were 71.50% and 69.27%,respectively.Bulb was the highest,reaching 9.04%,followed by rhizomes and citrus,reaching 5.33% and 2.70%,respectively.Leafy vegetables and beans did not exceed the standard.Among the tested samples,only dieldrin was not detected,and the other five pesticides were detected and exceeded the standard.The detection rates of beta-cyhalothrin and prophylaxis were 25.34% and 18.46%,respectively,and the over-standard rates were 1.00% and 0.90%.The detection rate and the over-standard rate of deltamethrin were the lowest,which were 5.52% and 0.09%,respectively.From the perspective of pesticide residues,all other pesticides except dieldrin were detected in leafy vegetables.The detection rate of beta-cypermethrin was the highest,39%,and the detection rate of biphenthrin was the lowest,9%,without obvious exceedance phenomenon.However,the detection rate and the mean value of P.celery were higher,and the maximum residual concentration was 42.200mg/kg.The detection rate of salicarp was the highest and exceeded the standard,with 47.80% and 0.49% respectively.The detection rate of beta-cyhalothrin was 25.85%.Five kinds of pesticides were detected in bulbs,and the over-standard rates of prophylaxis,beta-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin were 5.42%,3.01% and 0.60% respectively.The maximum detection rate of cypermethrin in beans was15.91%,and its maximum concentration was 2.340mg/kg.Bifenthrin,beta-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin were detected and exceeded the standard.The detection rate of beta-cyhalothrin and the over-standard rate were the highest,which were 9.33% and 5.33%,respectively.Among them,the detection rate of beta-cyhalothrin was the highest(18.02%),and the detection rate of profundyl was the lowest(4.50%).Bifenthrin,beta-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin all exceeded the standard,and the over-standard rate was 0.90%.The detection rate of beta-cyhalothrin was the highest(34.72%),and the over-standard rate was0.46%.The detection rate of deltamethrin was the lowest(0.93%).In terms of the market locations,the detection rate of farmers' markets was the highest,reaching 67.95%,followed by shopping malls and supermarkets,which were 58.62% and 50.07%,respectively.Shopping malls had the highest over-standard rate at 3.45 percent,followed by farmers' markets at 3.21 percent and supermarkets at 2.73 percent.In terms of the market locations,the detection rate of farmers' markets was the highest,reaching 67.95%,followed by shopping malls and supermarkets,which were 58.62% and50.07%,respectively.Shopping malls had the highest over-standard rate at 3.45 percent,followed by farmers' markets at 3.21 percent and supermarkets at 2.73 percent.In terms of sample collection areas and counties,the detection rate of Zhongxian County was the highest,up to 70.54%,followed by Wanzhou District and Wushan County,56.49% and 54.26%,respectively.Yunyang County had the highest over-standard rate(3.20%),followed by Zhongxian County(3.10%),and Wushan County had the lowest over-standard rate(0.78%).According to the safety evaluation of the test results,the AveIFSC and AveIFFS of the five pesticides detected in different kinds of fruits and vegetables were all less than 1,which indicated from the mean pesticide residue value that the fruits and vegetables in Northeast Chongqing would not cause harm to the eating population and could be safely consumed.Among the five pesticides detected,profundal,beta-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin were found to have max(?) >1 in people of different ages,respectively,indicating that these three pesticides may have effects on human health and should be monitored.Among the 7 types of samples tested,there were 3 types of bulb pesticide maxiFSC greater than 1.Special attention should be paid to the supervision and control of bulb pesticide.The five pesticides detected were most likely to be harmful to children aged 2 to 7 years,followed by women.The detection and analysis showed that pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables were common in Northeast Chongqing,and a small amount of pesticide residues exceeded the standard.A small number of pesticide residues had certain safety hazards to consumers.Therefore,it was suggested to strengthen the supervision of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables,especially the supervision of profundus,beta-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin.