| Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. is an annual herb belonging to composite family and coreopsis genera. Because of the wild snow chrysanthemum mainly grows in Kunlun mountain area where the altitude is over 3000 m, growing environment is bad and the area is covered with snow all year round, it chrysanthemum is short and difficult to harvest, leading to low yield of wild snow chrysanthemum. On account of the wild snow chrysanthemum are far unable to meet the needs of its market,artificial cultivation gradually increased. So a large number of cultivated Coreopsis tinctoria enter the market, which results in the quality of the Coreopsis tinctoria is unsTable In order to improve the yield of Coreopsis tinctoria, control the quality of Coreopsis tinctoria and seek a more reasonable fertilization scheme, this study took the Coreopsis tinctoria as material to discuss the effect of different harvest time and different fertilizer rate on growth,active ingredients and yields of Coreopsis tinctoria through field experiment and pot experiment, then obtained the best harvest time and reasonable fertilization amount of Coreopsis tinctoria, This study could provid a theoretical basis for the high quality and high yield of Coreopsis tinctoria cultivation.The results were as follows:(1) The changes of six effective components and yield of Coreopsis tinctoria in different harvest time were determined. The results showed that the peak of total mass fraction of six effective components appeared in August 21th. In addition, compared with other harvesting period, the total mass fraction of six effective components of Coreopsis tinctoria was highest in late August. In this periods, the yield, total flavonoid content and chlorogenic acid content were also higher than others, and the maximum value of total flavonoids content appeared in August 21th. Considering the relationship among the yields, effective components and harvesting period, the Coreopsis tinctoria harvested in late August has good quality and higher yield.(2) Determination of six effective components and growth indicators by NPK with different treatments on Coreopsis tinctoria showed that:In this study, the NO.6 treatment (N2P3K1) greatest promoted to the growth of Coreopsis tinctoria, which means high P moderate N low K was best to the growth of Coreopsis tinctoria. From the effect of different NPK fertilizer application treatment on six effective component contents of total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, total phenol, total amino acid, crude protein and total sugar, we could see that the total flavonoid and total amino acid content of NO.4 treatment (N2PiK2) were highest, and the chlorogenic acid, total sugar and crude protein content of it were higher than those of other treatments. In this study, the best fertilizer ratio was NO.4 treatment (N2P1K2) and the Coreopsis tinctoria reached the best quality.(3) The fertilizer effect equation with NPK of Coreopsis tinctoria was Y=26.22+0.621N+ 1.078P+0.603K-0.013N2-0.031P2-0.022K2. The highest yield was 36.88 kg/667m2, and the optimum amount of fertilization was N=23.88 kg/667m2, P= 17.39 kg/667m2, K= 13.70 kg/667m2.(4) Pot experiment showed that with the increasing number of P fertilizer, the growth of Coreopsis tinctoria was affected significantly. Flower bud differentiation of chrysanthemum was promoted. Which makes flowering period of Coreopsis tinctoria ahead. As a result, and flower production of Coreopsis tinctoria was improved significantly. In the case of no P content of total flavonoids and total phenol was the highest. Total sugar content increased with the increasing number of P fertilizer first, then decreased after reaching the maximum, Comprehensively compared the influence of P content on yield and quality of Coreopsis tinctoria it suggested that appropriate amount of P is 0.2-0.3g·kg-1. |
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