Carbon Storage And Energy Of Typical Sympodial Bamboo Ecosystems In China

Sympodial bamboo was an important component of bamboo and its species numbers accounted for more than 70% of total number in the world.In China,Sympodial bamboo forests occupied an area of 80×104 ha,which contained about 160 species belonging to 16 genera.Sympodial bamboo has the characteristics of tall stalk shape,high biomass,growth clumps,rapid growth,well development roots and rhizomes.Besides,it has an easy and flexible way of reproduction and seedling.Selection of bamboo species with carbon storage(CS)and standing crop of energy(SCE)is potentially an important management decision for increasing the CSs and GCVs in their research.This study selected samples of different organs of Sympodial bamboo as well as samples of litter and soils(0 to 10,10 to 30,and 30 to 60 cm depths)among eight Sympodial bamboo species in China,with the measurements of the biomass,carbon density(CD)and gross caloric values(GCV)of the samples and the estimation of the carbon storage(CS)and the standing crop of energy(SCE).The primary results of this study are summarized as follows:1.We investigated the biomass of different organs among eight sympodial bamboo species.Significant differences were found for aboveground biomass among these sympodial bamboo species.The biomass among eight sympodial bamboo species was in the following order: Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro(77.72 t·hm-2)> Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle)Keng f.(63.76 t·hm-2)> B.chungii McClure(61.41 t·hm-2)> B.burmanica McClure(49.71 t·hm-2)> Bambusa textilis McClure(47.64 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Kengf.(47.30 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamus membramaceus Munro(44.63 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro(16.68 t·hm-2).Besides,the different organic biomass among 8 sympodial bamboo species was in the following order: culms > branches > leaves.There were variations in the distribution of biomass in different organs.2.We measured and estimated the CDs and CSs of different organs,litter and soils among 8 sympodial bamboo species.The results shows :(1)In this study,average carbon densities of different organs among sympodial bamboo species ranged from 0.4286 g·g-1 to 0.4818 g·g-1,which showed significant differences(P < 0.05).The average carbon densities in the different organs were in the following order: culms > branches > leaves.However,the average carbon densities in the different organs were not related to bamboo ages;(2)Carbon storages in the above-ground parts of eight sympodial bamboo ecosystems ranged from 0.276 t·hm-2 to 33.166 t·hm-2,which were in the following order: Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro(35.431 t·hm-2)> Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle)Keng f.(30.254 t·hm-2)> B.chungii McClure(29.491 t·hm-2)> B.burmanica McClure(23.399 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Kengf.(22.265 t·hm-2)> Bambusa textilis McClure(21.679 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamus membramaceus Munro(21.292 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro(7.828 t·hm-2).Besides,carbon storages in the different organs followed the order of culms > branches > leaves;(3)CDs in the soils under these eight sympodial bamboo species forest stands decreased with soil depth.Carbon storages of the soils under bamboo stands were proportional to the soil carbon contents,while their changes did not regularly varied with soil depths.The soil carbon storages under bamboo stands were in the following order: Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro(144.339 t·hm-2)> Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle)Keng f.(133.654 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Kengf.(127.139 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamus membramaceus Munro(115.701 t·hm-2)> B.Burmanica McClure(113.575 t·hm-2)> B.chungii McClure(82.449 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro(77.188 t·hm-2)> Bambusa textilis Mc Clure(76.087 t·hm-2);(4)Total carbon storages in sympodial bamboo ecosystems ranged from 86.295 t·hm-2 to 181.811 t·hm-2,which were in the following order: Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro(181.811 t·hm-2)> Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle)Keng f.(165.071 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Kengf.(149.924 t·hm-2)> B.Burmanica McClure(139.258 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamus membramaceus Munro(139.146 t·hm-2)> B.chungii McClure(113.085 t·hm-2)> Bambusa textilis McClure(99.088 t·hm-2)> Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro(86.295 t·hm-2).Besides,spatial distribution of carbon storage in the sympodial bamboo ecosystems was in the following order: soil floors > vegetation floors of above-ground parts > litter floors.3.We measured the GCVs and estimated the SCEs of differnt organs among eight sympodial bamboo species.The results are the following.(1)In this study,the GCVs of different organs among eight sympodial bamboo species ranged from 16.407 to 19.948 Kj·g-1.The GCVs in different organs of 8 sympodial bamboo species were decreased with the increase of the age of bamboo.The GCV of each organs of B.burmanica McClure was higher than the other species.The GCV of the leaf(16.652 Kj·g-1)and branch(17.522 Kj·g-1)of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Kengf.was lower than the other species.The GCV of culm of Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle)Keng f.(17.710 Kj·g-1)was significant lower than the other species.Except for Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle)Keng f.,the GCVs of different organs among other sympodial bamboo species were in the following order: culms >branches > leaves.The different organic GCVs of Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle)Keng f.were in the following order: branches > culms > leaves;(2)The SCEs of eight sympodial bamboo species were in the following order: Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro(142.17 Mj·m-2)> B.chungii McClure(115.41 Mj·m-2)> Neosinocalamus affinis(Rendle)Keng f.(112.97 Mj·m-2)> Bambusa burmanica McClure(95.26 Mj·m-2)> Bambusa textilis McClure(87.50Mj·m-2)> Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Kengf.(85.31 Mj·m-2)> Dendrocalamus membramaceus Munro(85.14 Mj·m-2)> Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro(31.34 Mj·m-2).The highest GCVs of different organs among eight sympodial bamboo species were the culm of Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro(133.12 Mj·m-2),the branch of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Kengf.(17.02 Mj·m-2)and the leaf of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami(Munro)Kengf.(7.73 Mj·m-2),respectively.