| The Atractylodes wild resources are less,its Seed breeding in production faces the problem o f the higher empty flat rate and being not resistant to storage. researching literatures on Atractylo des seed fructification and seed production haven't been seen so far. Aiming at these problems abov e, this experiment was studied by two years old atractylodes. Observing and recording the habit of bloomi ng and fructification, then spraying B fertilizer with different concentration and taking the fertilization exp eriment of N P K fertilizer orthogonal experiment, periodic sampling and detecting the physiological index es, detecting the quantity and quality after seed collection; storing them one year in different condition, per iodic sampling and detecting the physiological indexes. The main achievements of my studies are as follo wing.1.The flowering habits of Atractylodes.The inflorescence of Atractylodes is Capitulum, the flowering period is from July to Novem ber in Xiuwen area, Guizhou province, and lasting for 117 d, eriod of flowering and seed setting are the same time;According to the shape variation of Atractylodes involucre, and flower quantity dynamic, the phenophase of Atractylodes plant flowering period was divided into seven times, inv olucre period, pappus period, budding period, early flowering period, full bloom period, flowering period and seed maturation period. The growth of involucre overall is "S" type curve, In involucr e period, the longitudinal diameter, diameter, volume and dry weight of involucre growth fastly, th e growth speed slow down after pappus period;Atractylodes for cross-pollination, it is mainly base d on self- pollination, the seeds begin to form in the budding period. Grain fresh weight, dry we ight of seeds grow slowly from the budding period to budding period into full bloom and increas e rapidly from the late flowering to seed maturation; seed moisture content rise before they are r educed, and the maximum value was achieved at the early stage of the late flowering; Atractylod es function leaf chlorophyll continued declined significantly in the flowering period; 37 d after flo wering, when the involucres into brown and slightly parted, Atractylodes seed has been fully matu re, it should be harvested in batches according to the shape variation of involucres; In the proces s of Atractylodes blossom and fructification, ZT and IAA content mainly accumulated in involucresperiod and seed development mature period. After the seed matures, plant senesecence, ZT and I AA content is reduced quickly. ABA generally changes as "parabola", the peak is in the budding period. Atractylodes seed in the mature process for the marked increase in soluble protein, fat con tent, soluble sugar content increased and decreased, The content of the three range were 9.29 mg/g ~ 12.75 mg/g, 4.42% ~ 18.65%, 18.65% ~ 1.86%.2. Effect of Fertilizing, removing some bud on the Yield and Quality of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz seedThe impact on the atractylodes leaf physiological indexes in different growth stages are inconsistent for the NPK orthogonal fertilization experiment,but various treatments have significant influence on Atractylodes leaf physiological indexes in different growth stages.From July to October,The CAT, POD enzyme activity of Atractylodes leaves increased at first and then decreased and finally increased generally. The SOD enzyme activity increased first and then decreased; Soluble protein content in the overall rise; Relative chlorophyll spad value does not change significantly in Atractylodes growth period; NPK fertilizer treatments showed no obvious regularity for the Atractylodes leaf physiological indexes effect for this experiment.The effect of Orthogonal NPK fertilization on the yield, germination, 100-seed weight and t he percentage of filled grains of Atractylodes macrocephala seeds have reached to a relatively sig nificant level.Different levels of N,P,K fertilizer have significant influence on the yield and quality of atractylodes seed,which Influence on the index of seeds in primary and secondary order for N> K > P. Based on comprehensive analysis of these studying results, urea(480kg/hm2), calcium s uperphosphate(225kg/hm2) and potassium sulfate(448kg/hm2) are the best fertilizer combination in t his experiment.Spraying a certain concentration of Boron fertilizer could significantly improve the quality of atractylodes seed, When the spraying density of boron fertilizer is 0.6 g/L, the seed qua lity is better,and Germination rate,vigor and hundred grain weight is significantly higher(empty ra te is lower) than other treatments. Removing some bud could also significantly improve the qualit y of Atractylodes seed.When there are 3 flower buds, the germination rate,vigor and hundred grai n weight is significantly higher than other treatments. The empty rate is 6.41%,which reduced by21.01% rather than no picking bud.3.The influence of different storage treatments on seed physiology and biochemistry of Atractylodes.Effects of ventilation condition and temperature on seed of atractylodes:When the seeds hav e stored over 12 months, In the same ventilation condition.The seeds stored at the low temperatur e(4??-18?)has higher germination?viabilityand antioxidant enzyme activity than the high temper ature(20??room temperature), but the conductivity and MDA at the low temperature are lower than the high temperature; At the same temperature, the sealed storage has higher germination?v iabilityand antioxidant enzyme activity than using the net. Comprehensive conclusion, storage at th e low temperature is better than at the high temperature, and sealed is better than ventilated. The germination,germination energy,viability of Atractylodes seeds decrease gradually, conductivity and MDA increase gradually. SOD and POD enzyme activity increase at first and then decrease; The changes of CAT enzyme activity has no obvious regularity. The amount of soluble protein tend t o rise at the beginning then decrease. The correlation of each indexes of Atractylodes seeds reach ed significant level to some extent. Comprehensive conclusion, the most suitable storage method i s-18? and sealed.The influence of temperature and moisture content on the Atractylodes seed storage:Storage at 4 ? condition:With the water content of seeds remained 74% of 12 months after the germina tion rate,And in addition to the 5.50% water content of seeds under room temperature,the rest of the water content of seeds has lost the power of germination.As the extension of storage time, 4? and at room temperature,different water content of atractylodes seed germination rate, germina tion potential, present the change trend of declining viability,But below 4? down slowly,the decli ne rate is rapid at room temperature.Under 4 ?, Atractylodes seed with different moisture content leaching liquid conductivity, the enzymatic activity of CAT and POD enzyme activity increased first, then decrease then increase,SOD enzyme activity, soluble protein content present irregular ch ange;and at room temperature,Leach liquor conductivity continues to rise,SOD enzyme activity be gan to decline significantly from 8 months,The CAT enzyme, and POD enzyme activity increased first then decreased,soluble protein content present irregular change,and the index correlation betw een seeds also reaches a certain significant level.7.09% and 5.50% water content of Atractylodes s eeds storage under two kinds of temperature,germination rate, germination potential, vigor and som e enzyme activity is higher,accumulation of harmful matter is low,therefore 5.50 %~7.09 % will be determined as the best moisture content storage from the experiment.Besides,when Atractylodes seed moisture content dropped to 4.03%,it also has higher viability,and stored at condition of 4? for 10 months it can still keep high germination rate,it shows that Atractylodes seed has the characteristics of dehydration resistance and belongs to the normal seeds,and the appropriate dehyd ration in production is advantageous to the Atractylodes seed storage. |
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