Changes Of Culturable Microorganisms, Humus Content And Enzyme Activities In Composting Of Four Kinds Of Livestock Dung

For single existing in the Gansu Province organic fertilizer production of compost materials, fermentation cycle is long, nutrient content of non-compliance issues such as, the experiment with fresh sheep dung, cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure as raw material, corn straw as accessories, aerobic composting, determination of culturable microbial quantity in composting process, total nutrient content(N+P2O5+K2O), humic acid content and enzyme activity changes and compare the in winter, spring season in aerobic composting process temperature changes. The main results are as follows:1. In the process of composting, the number of microorganisms in different livestock and poultry manure could be significantly different.The quantity of bacteria were compared with compost greatly reduced, with the largest magnitude of chicken manure, a decrease of 93.3%; fungi than the quantity of composts were reduced. The cow dung to reduce greatly, for 88.2%, sheep manure reduced amplitude of the smallest, 56.9%; release of actinomycetes, except the quantity of pig manure reduced. The other three compost treatment increased, which sheep manure increased range is the biggest, 74.7%.Culturable microorganism in the composting process has high to low to high trend. Quantity of bacteria in which the dominant, than fungi and actinomycetes quantity higher by 103 to105 orders of magnitude, is throughout the composting process, the dominant species, and chicken manure compost can be up to the quantity of bacteria culture.There was a very significant negative correlation(P<0.01) between the number of microorganisms and the compost temperature during composting.2. The changes of total nutrient(N+P2O5+K2O)and humus content of different livestock and poultry manure during composting were significantly differentOf different manures during composting process total nutrient content increased, composting at the end of, total nutrient content of pig manure highest 5.9%, sheep was the lowest, 5.0%; composting of chicken manure total nutrient content was increased in the, 42.4%;Of different manures during composting process total carbon and total humic acid content decreased, at the end of the compost, chicken manure and the total carbon content was the highest of 281.9 g?kg-1, sheep manure was the lowest 270.0 g?kg-1; total humic acid in chicken manure highest is 31.8%, sheep was the lowest, 24.5%.3. With the change of urease and sucrase activity composting process overall downward trend, at the end of the compost, manure composting urease activity was highest, pig manure was the lowest; invertase activity in sheep manure composting of the highest, chicken manure is the lowest. Catalase activity is with compos t increased gradually, to at the end of the composting, to cattle manure compost highest, chicken manure, and the lowest in the cow dung compost activity of catalase rise range is the biggest is 23.9%.In the composting process in the level of catalase act ivity and the number of actinomycetes was positively correlated(P<0.05). With the increase in the number of microorganisms, enzyme activity increased, the maturity of compost faster.4. Spring compost the composting time than winter composting ahead of time about 10 days. Winter composting process in sheep manure compost heating up fast, high temperature lasted for a long time, for 14d; spring compost treatments are in the 2d into the period of high temperature, high temperature(60~65?) continuous time 9~12d.5. Based on the above results, it is recommended local businesses in compost adding appropriate of pig manure and chicken manure, not only can improve the composting of total nutrient content and chicken manure can also increase t he quantity of microorganism in the composting process, reduce heap of p H value, and increased the formation of humus in the composting products and reduce nutrient losses, thereby improving the quality of products. In winter in cow dung and straw compost material, adding a certain proportion of sheep manure can accelerated warming and ensure the best compost temperature duration, shorten the composting period.