| The Tricholoma giganteum is full of nutrimentss and tasted delicious with a variety of physiological functions.It is a kind of rare and precious edible fungus with very high economic value and medicinal value.It is non-browning and non-decay, which can be stored for 30 days at the condition of 8~12?. However, the mycelia growth was slowly and fruiting time was long, which seriously restricted its industrialdevelopment. Moreover, the mode of production was fruiting under the condition of casingsoil with the bag cultivation technology, so most of the enterprise producting T. giganteum had yet to form a pattern of industrialization, specialization, scale of production pattern.In order to investigate the management parameters ofdifferentstages during T.giganteum industrial cultivation, find out the favorable factors which could promote T.giganteum fruiting without soil, and realize T.giganteum cultivation transformedfrom the traditional bag cultivation with casingsoil to bottle cultivation without soil, combined with the characteristics of T. giganteum traditional bag cultivation, the key technologies of T. giganteum cultivation without soil were studied in this experiment.The contents and results were as follows:1?The cultivation medium, which the corncob was used as main carbon source, was optimized by the uniform design method. The optimal mediumwas: corncob 54.04 %, wheat bran 28.16 %, cane sugar 13.20 %, yeast powder 4.70 %. Comparison the mycelium growth rate and yield among threemediums which corncobs, sugar cane bagasse and mikania micrantha were usedas main materials to cultivate T. giganteum. The results showed that: the mycelium growth rate of corncob medium was the fastest, followed by the sugar cane bagasse medium,and the mikania micrantha medium was the slowest; and the yield of the sugar cane bagasse medium was the highest, followed by the mikania micrantha medium, and the corncob medium was the last.2?The influence of fermentation temperature, fermentation time,initial p H value and water content of the cultivation material on mycelial growth rate of T. giganteum was researched by the single factor experiment. The results showed that: the optimal fermentation temperature,fermentation time, initial p H value and moisture content were70~75 ?, 9 d, 8.5 and 61 %, respectively.3? The influence of mycelium growth and fruiting of T.giganteum bottle cultivation in different environmental conditions :(1) The optimal temperature for the mycelial growth rate was 26?, the relative air humidity was 60 %, the concentration of carbondioxide was 0.18 %.(2) The optimal environmental conditions for fruiting without soil were: temperature was 29?, the early stage of humiditywas 92 %, illumination was 400 lx, the humidityof being mushroom was 100%.(3) The optimal environmental conditions for fruiting with casingsoil were: temperature was 30 ?, the early stage of humiditywas 70 %, illuminationwas 500 lx, the humidityof beingmushroomwas 85 %.(4) The optimal concentration of carbondioxide for fruiting without soil were:The optimal concentration of carbondioxide at the stage of mycelium recovery, mycelium kink togetherto differentiation, little mushroom and being mushroom were0.3 %, 0.25 %, 0.45 % and0.3 %, respectively.4?The influence of different ways of pinset control on T.giganteumfruiting during bottle cultivationwithout soil:(1) The results of the single factor experimentof chemical selection showed that the optimun concentration of the several chemical substances, such as gibberellin, rootone, veratryl alcohol, sodium acetate and tridecanol, were 8 mg/L?20 mg/L?8 ?mol/g?0.06 %?0.16 mg/L, respectively. They were used as treatment factors in the fruiting experiment without soil. The days from treatment to mushroom bud were investigated. The results showed that, the order from early fruiting to latefruiting was: soil water > tridecanol > sodium acetate>clear water> rootone> veratryl alcohol. However, the treatment with gibberellin was failed to form primordium.(2) The mold, actinomyces and bacteria, which were separated from thefruiting and highly decomposed cultivation material, could not promote other cultivation material to form primordium. So, the fruiting of the mushroom was not caused by the microorganisms of soil.(3) The direction of mushroom bed during pinset controled had significant influence on fruiting of the mushroom.The inverted direction of mushroom bed was morefavorable for forming primordium and fruiting.5?Casing soil at different times could fruiting after mycelium stimulation. Combined with the fruiting body yield and the time to harvest, casing soil at the third day after mycelium stimulation could be quite reasonable, with thehighestyield and the shortestfruiting duration.6?The influence ofdifferent ways of pinset controlon the related enzyme activityof T.giganteum mycelium: the activity of tyrosinase of the three groups which could form primordium were relatively stable from mycelium recovery to primordium formation, budding stage, while the tyrosinase activityof the othertwo groups, which could not form primordium, were active. Itmeaned thathigh content of tyrosinasewould inhibitthe primordiumformationafter mycelium recovery. Before the primordium formation, laccase, protease, amylase, superoxide dismutase were effectivelystimulated, but these enzymes changed little in the two treatment groups which could not form primordium. The activity ofcatalase and polyphenol oxidase in five groups werefluctuation, but the three treatment groups which could form primordium reached maximum before the primordium formation, and the two treatment groups,which could not form primordium, reached maximum before or after mycelium recovery, and then declined rapidly. The activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and peroxidase in five groups showed a rising trend. Thus, it was good for T. giganteum to form primordiumthat the activity of carboxymethyl cellulase, peroxidase, laccase, protease, amylase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase was activatied during the whole stage before budding. But high activity of polyphenol oxidase and catalase would inhibit mycelium transform from vegetative growth to reproductive growth phase during mycelium recovery,. But tyrosinase should be appropriately inhibitedduring the whole process. |
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