Analysis On Genetic Diversity Of Glycyrrhiza By SSR Molecular Marker

Glycyrrhiza belongs Leguminosae, which is perennial herb. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. are traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In addition, Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim. also can be used as medicine in its fruit in some areas. Due to the higher value in medicine, the demand of market is growing. It leads to over-excavation by human, while resources of wild medicinal licorice are destroyed.In this study, the genetic diversity of G. uralensis Fisch., G. inflata Bat., G. glabra L. and G. pallidiflora Maxim. which contained 760 samples and 47 populations was studied by using SSR markers. It provided a theoretical foundation for reasonable development and protection for Glycyrrhiza resources. The main results were as follows:1. The genetic diversity of G. uralensis Fisch., G. inflata Bat., G. glabra L. and G. pallidiflora Maxim. of Xinjiang and Jilin was studied. The results showed that Nei's gene diversity index (H) of Glycyrrhiza was 0.8628, Shannon's Information index (I) was 2.3765. It indicated that Glycyrrhiza had abundant genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of G. uralensis Fisch. (H:0.7877,I:2.0025) was the most abundant. The genetic diversity of G. glabra L. (H:0.6962,I:1.5395) and G. pallidiflora Maxim. (H:0.6991,I: 1.5083) was higher than G. inflata Bat. (H:0.5432,I:0.8511).The genetic diversity of G. uralensis Fisch. of Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Jilin and Xinjiang was studied. The results showed that Nei's gene diversity index (H) of G. uralensis Fisch. was 0.8207, Shannon's Information index (I) was 2.1847. It indicated that G. uralensis Fisch. had abundant genetic diversity. The results of the genetic diversity of G. uralensis Fisch. of different areas were as follows. The genetic diversity of G. uralensis Fisch. of Inner Mongolia (H:0.8034,I:2.0417) was the most abundant. The genetic diversity of G. uralensis Fisch. of Jilin (H:0.7625,I:1.8780) and Xinjiang (H:0.7660, I:1.8422) was more abundant than Shaanxi (H:0.7595,I:1.7944) and Ningxia (H:0.7354,I:1.8087). The genetic diversity of G. uralensis Fisch. of Shaanxi and Ningxia was more abundant than Gansu (H:0.7250, I:1.6460) and Qinghai (H:0.7187,I:1.6739).2. The genetic differentiation of 4 species of Glycyrrhiza was analyzed. The results showed that, the genetic differentiation of Glycyrrhiza (Fst:0.2107) was high, the average gene flow (Nm) of Glycyrrhiza was 0.9366, the genetic variation of intra-species was higher than inter-species. The genetic differentiation of G. uralensis Fisch. (Fst:0.1990) was higher than other three species (Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.:Fst =0.0549; Glycyrrhiza glabra L.:Fst=0.1574; Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.:Fst=0.1805).3.4 species of Glycyrrhiza were clustered. The results showed that 47 populations were divided into 2 groups in 0.09. Populations of G. pallidiflora Maxim, were clustered to one group. Populations of G. uralensis Fisch., G. inflata Bat., G. glabra L. were clustered to another group. All populations of G. uralensis Fisch. (except the population GC-HSKST) belonged one group, which was clustered with the group that included 3 populations of G. inflata Bat. and the population GG-XJ2 of G. inflata Bat.. The two groups were clustered with the populations of G. glabra L. (except the population GG-XJ2) and the population GC-HSKST. It indicated that Glycyrrhiza was clustered by species. G. uralensis Fisch. and G. inflata Bat. had closer genetic relationship, followed by G. glabra L., as far as G. pallidiflora Maxim.