| Gastrodia elata (Gastrodia, Orchidaceae) is a kind of perennial parasitic plant, and its dry tuber can be used as medical part. Currently, G. elata is mainly planted in Shanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Hubei Provinces. Pingwu district in Sichuan Province is the wild geo-authentic habitats of G. elata and has a long history (> 30 years) for the artificial cultivation of G. elata. Though the local plant personnel have rich experience in cultivation of G. elata, there are also some key technical problems about production of G. elata, which affects the appearance, production and quality of G. elata. Based on the unique geographical advantage of Pingwu district, this study mainly investigated the effect of low altitude seed breeding and seed maturity on primary tuber production and explored the relationships of different elevation and primary tuber planted in different correlation with production and quality of Rhizoma Gastrodiae. The results of this study are described as follows:1. Based on orthogonal and pot experiments, the cultivation of G. secondarycorm in low altitude area was used to investigate the effects of G. secondarycorm weight, indoor and outdoor plant environments and flowering pollination quantity on G. elata capsule production, growth phenological phase of G. secondarycorm and growth indices of plants. After the seeds harvest, gastrodin in different plant part of G. elata was determined by HPLC using gastrodin as indicators. The results indicated that:(1) The range analysis and variance analysis of three factors orthogonal experiment results showed the effective primary and secondary factors on the production of G. capsule (G. secondarycorm weight> flowering pollination quantity> indoor and outdoor environments), and the suitable cultivation conditions for G. secondarycorm growth were 250 g G. secondarycorm, indoor cultivation, flowering pollination quantity of 2 pollinium. (2) Through pot experiment to observe and analyze G. secondarycorm growth process, we found that ヽultivation environment and G. secondarycorm weight had no significant effect on the seedling stage, growth period and fruiting, while flowering was extended by the increase of G. secondarycorm weight; ② the ground part indices of G. elata were mainly affected by the G. secondarycorm weight, and the cultivation environment had influence to the fruit setting rate; the fruit-set rate advantage was obvious in indoor cultivation; ③ the G. elata capsule production was mainly affected by the G. secondarycorm weight, and the> 150 g G. secondarycorm was appropriated to cultivate G. secondarycorm in low sea area. (3) The gastrodin content of the different part of G. elata was determined using HPLC, and the results showed that the difference of each part was significant. The gastrodin content of G. elata stalks and tubers were higher than other.2. The study on morphology, viability, germination rate, infection rate and primary tuber production of G. elata seeds with different maturity degree showed that:(1) Three kinds of maturity seed morphological differences were the colors of embryo. (2) The results of three kinds of maturity seed vitality in TTC method indicated that the vitalities of dehiscent fruit and approach dehiscent fruit period were higher, but combination with the actual situation of agricultural production, approach dehiscent fruit harvested was better. (3) G. elata seeds bring into being protocorm after the infection of Mycena dendrobii, the approach dehiscent fruit will be significantly higher than the green fruit seeds, dehiscent fruit seeds, so its superiority were more obvious. (4) The infected rate of protocorm by Amillariella mellea for approach dehiscent fruit seed was bigger. (5) The formation of Mi and Bai G. elata for approach dehiscent fruit was more than others.3. The effect of different cultivation altitudes on production and quality of G. elata was investigated by forest cultivation experiment at 800～1500 m altitudes level. The results showed that:(1) The altitude level was negatively related to the production of G. elata and was positively related to primary tuber (breeding materials) weight. (2) The altitude level had a little effect on the appearance of G. elata. There was no obvious change rule in extract content of different altitudes G. elata. The gastrodin and G. elata polysaccharides content were positive with the altitude. When height above sea level was 850 and 1450 m, gastrodin content was respectively 0.226 and 0.611%, resepectively. When height above sea level was 850 and 1300 m, gastrodia elata polysaccharides content was 20.17 and 35.61%, respectively. Comprehensive analysis about the effect of different altitude level on production and quality of G. elata suggested that it was advisable to cultivate G. elata at 1200-1300 m altitude level in Pingwu district.4. The effect of different classification primary tuber on production and quality of G. elata was investigated and the results indicated that:(1) the production of G. elata in the Mi G. elata group is lowest among 4 groups, and the differences among other group were smaller. The production of Bai G. elata in the Mi G. elata and mixed primary tuber groups were higher. The production of Mi G. elata in the small Bai G. elata group was significantly lower than that in the Mi G. elata, medium-sized Bai G. elata, and mixed primary tuber groups. The drying rate of G. elata slightly increased with the increase of primary tuber. (2) The size of G. elata tuber and the content of extract, gastrodiae polysaccharides and gastrodin were positively related to the size of primary tuber.In this work, the cultivation conditions of G. secondarycorm were optimized, and the suitable harvest time of G. seed was filtered. The appropriate altitude of G. elata forests cultivation in Pingwu district of Sichuan Province and the correlation between kinds of rank and quality and production of G. elata were discussed. The results of this work provide a scientific basis for improving the wild imitation cultivation technology of G. elata. |
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