Environmental Impact Analysis Of Diffrent Scale Pig Breeding From The Perspective Of Mamagement And Mode

Livestock industry is a pillar industry of China’s agriculture and rural economy and the scale of livestock and poultry has gradually become the main mode of development of the livestock industry in modern society.It is the result of the deepening reform of the country,also is the inevitable trend of development of livestock production in china.With the expansion of the total livestock production and the increase level of scale,environmental pollution caused by livestock breeding cannot be ignored anymore.Over the past 10 years,the society pays more attention to the problem of environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding industry,for the government invests a lot of money and promotes a variety of technical and engineering measures,but the actual effect is still unsatisfactory.This paper puts the view of management and scale,takes the large scale pig breeding in Huai’an as an example,through literature,typical farms research and determination of micro water near the farms,to analyze the breeding scale,management mode,management mode,feces governance model,operation management of sewage situation,production mode of combination of planting and breeding and the characteristics of the micro water system near the farm and the impact of the country actual environment,in order to seek more actual production in line with the rural,agriculture and aquaculture production,effectively reduce the risk of aquaculture pollution,further improve ideas and suggestions of the comprehensive management measures.The main results are as follows:1)The status of livestock industry in Huai’an and development trend are typical and representative in Jiangsu province.The output value of livestock industry in Huai’an ranks fourth in Jiangsu Province,makes a larger contribution of livestock and poultry products,is an important area for livestock and poultry products in Jiangsu province.The small scale as the main body of the livestock production has become the dominant mode in Huai’an,more than 90%meat and about 2/3 and 3/4 eggs and milk products from this large scale farming of all the city.2)We preliminary clear that the environmental pollution load and livestock production spatial distribution characteristics in Huai’an.The average load of main livestock feces cultivated land is about 20.59 tons/ha,the alert level of the pollution load is the second level which has become a threat to the environment.And 68.63%of the feces produced by the livestock all come from the scale livestock industry,and the scale pig breeding industry make the maximum amount of contribution of the pollution load.The load alert value of Huaiyin District,Huai’ an District,Lianshui County,Xuyi County is the highest,also the threat to the environment is relatively higher.3)The characteristics of the impact on environment are different under different management models and different scale pig breeding farms.From the Comparative analysis of the survey of the typical manure facilities,engineering facilities,management operation,combination of planting and breeding production mode,waste treatment effect,the supervision and the actual impact on the surrounding environment,the pollution of different scale farms impact on the surrounding environment from high to low in the scale is middle scale>large scale>small scale.But the small size of farms are numerous in Huai’an,scattered layout but also often 3-5 family farms concentrated distribution.The breeding scale increases,pollution emissions increases and also the influence on the surrounding environment pollution expands,therefore the governance investment should be focused on the concentrated area of the middle scale farms and small scale farms.Regardless of scale size,site construction should be reasonable and the pollution effect on the surrounding environment of the feces treatment farms should be less than 500m.4)The characteristics and significance of the micro water system near the scale pig farms affected by pollution.With the sewage emissions of the scale pig breeding farms downstream,the content of pollutants in sewage emissions significantly decreases with the increase of the distance,the sewage discharge is less and the pollutant concentration is low and the falling rate of concentrations in pollutant is significantly accelerated when there is aquatic plants in the sewage path.So the pollutant emissions can be the first to control,and then through the method of increasing the discharge path and the purification of aquatic plants to narrow the influence of the aquaculture wastewater on the surrounding environment.5)The mode of "Company + farmer" has a positive impact on feces governance of small scale farms.Compared with the general small scale farms,cooperative farms in the company’s requirements and guidance,farm facilities,engineering facilities,the proportion of the project feces governance consciousness has the certain promotion in feces governance;in the farming income,cooperative farms have more stable returns,the risk is small,and there is more money and the energy pay into the feces treatment.6)The construction of sewage treatment project is not the most important factor to reduce the impact of aquaculture pollution to the environment.The biggest problem of scale pig farming in environmental governance is the lack of standardization,the lack of management,the lack of mechanism and the lack of consciousness,therefore through the adjustment and optimization industrial structure layout through the government,improving the governance policies to increase pollution control awareness,promotion of ecological cycle aquaculture mode,strengthening pollution control measures should be needed.Take the different patterns and the control methods for different size scale farms and control the pollution impact on the environment.