The Study On Factors Affacting Anther Culture Efficency Of Hot(Sweet) Pepper

In this paper, writer first observe the morphologic character of the buds, then observe the development stage of microspore under a microscope, the article deals with some key factors which affect the anther culture of pepper, such as genotype, basic medium, the concentration of sucrose, hormone, iron, the absence or presence of active carbon, PtL the time of high temperature treatment the density of inoculation and so on.The result shows:1. When the calyx is encased by corolla,the corolla is green,the calyx is longer than corolla,and the anther is greenish white,most of the microspore is at the early nucleate stage. When the corolla shows up remarkably,the corolla is greenish white or white,the corolla is longer than caylx> and the anther is almost purple,The microspore is at the binucleate stage.When the corolla emerges a little, the corolla is equal to or slightly longer than the calyx and the anthers have a violet tinge at their ends. The microspore is at the late nucleate stage, while the nucleus is situated on one side of the pollen. This development stage is suitable for anther culture of pepper.2. Genotype affects the percentage of the embryoid notably. Among the twelve genotypes, the percentage of the embryoid formation is very different. Yu jiao 968 is easier to be induced than other hot peppers, the percentage of embryoid formation is 18.75.Chao tian jiao is difficult to be induced. Among sweet pepper, only 79 can be induced, while 85 > qie men-71, 15-1 don't give birth to embryoid3. MS medium is more effective for anther culture of pepper.4. When the concentration sucrose of is 2%, 3%, 4%,5%, It is found 3% sucrose is the best concentration for anther culture. Hormone is important for anther culture of pepper.5. The anthers were cultured on MS medium supplied with eight concentrations of 2,4-D (four concentrations) and KT (two concentrations) for comparison .The result showseach genotype has their suitable hormone concentration.6. When the iron is absent, the percentage of embryoid formation decreases significantly, but it doesn't enhance with the concentration of iron increasing.7. After the active carbon is added to MS medium, the percentage of embryoid formation increases obviously. This indicates that the function of active carbon is positive.T8. The inoculated anther was treated with 33 ± 1℃ for 0 day, one day, four days, eight days respectively, the result shows, after the high temperature treatment, the percentage of the embryoid formation enhances remarkably, what's more, with the time of high temperature treatment protracted, it is also enhancing. Anthers form embryoid at the highest frequency after high temperature treatment for eight days.9. The embryoid may be induced on MS medium with PH 5.5> 5.8, 6.K 6.4, but 5.5 is optimum.10. Most of the genotype experimented give rise to high percentage of the embryoid, when three buds are inoculated in each utensil.11. when observing it under a microscope, we find the embryoid is mainly formed by this way: the pollen grain first divides and forms two sub cells which are the same in size, then the two sub cells together divide, finally form embryoid. Some pollen grains don't give rise to embryoid, when cultured, they accumulate starch.