Index System Construction And Empirical Study On Comprehensive Benefit Post-Evaluation Of Small Watershed Treatment In Loess Plateau Gully Area

The ecological environment of the northwest Yellow River Watershed, especially the loess plateau gully area,is particularly vulnerable. For a long time, the vegetation damage caused serious soil and water loss, arable land decreased, and the natural environment is seriously threatened. China has carried out long-term practice on soil and water loss control,summed up the basic thinking and effective mode of governance to small watershed as the basic unit for comprehensive treatment, for solving environmental, social and other issues,with strong sustainability. After the post-evaluation of the effect of small watershed treatment,we can sum up the pre-governance activities, summarize the experience for the follow-up work, and also provide reference for improving the scientific level of decision-making. At present, there is no uniform evaluation model for the post-evaluation of the comprehensive benefits of small watershed treatment in terms of index system, evaluation method and so on,because of the large difference of the basin characteristics. The existing evaluation methods is difficult to accurately control the effects of small watershed treatment in special areas evaluation.Based on the previous research and practice, this paper elaborates the basic connotation of comprehensive benefits of comprehensive benefits of treatment in small watershed, and puts forward a new way of carrying out evaluation work under the new situation. Through the frequency analysis, the index system constructed includes 10 indicators of the three major categories of ecology, society and economy, and the relative weight of the index is determined by the expert scoring method. The method of standardizing the selection of different indexes is selected; the comprehensive evaluation model was established. In this paper, the actual project of Qishui River watershed in Tongchuan City is chosen as a case study. Through the treatment work, the constructed evaluation index system and the comprehensive evaluation model are in accordance with the characteristics and practice of the small watershed management project, and can comprehensively and objectively evaluate the comprehensive benefits of the small watershed management. The small watershed basically realizes the expected governance objectives through the project implementation, The organization andimplementation of effective protection, design, construction, supervision and other aspects meet the relevant requirements, the latter part of the management and maintenance system clear, but the project participation is not high, affecting the further development of social benefits. The ecological, economic and social benefits were improved to different degrees before the implementation of the project, and the comprehensive benefit score increased from“33” to “81”, in the “excellent” level. Relatively speaking, social benefits as a result of slow long-term benefits, is still at a low level. As the local fruit industry developed, so the economic benefits enhanced obviously, social benefits at a moderate level. Among all the evaluation indexes, the net income, soil erosion modulus and land productivity are the most important contributors to the comprehensive benefit, and these three indexes exceed the contribution rate of 60%. This is consistent with the actual state of the study area.The practical significance of this study lies in the following: through the research on the evaluation system and evaluation methods of small watersheds in special areas, the results of the evaluation are more comprehensive, scientific, objective and credible, and can further improve the decision-making level of small watershed treatment. The idea of paying attention to the masses' participation and benefiting degree, is of great significance for carrying out comprehensive benefit post-evaluation of similar governance projects. The development concept of "Innovation, coordination, green, openness, sharing" can effectively reflect the ecological environment in the basin to improve the local farmers' survival, production and living conditions up. So as to promote the sustainable and rapid development of small watershed treatment in China, it is provide valuable policy recommendations for the state and local governments.