| Through field experiment, To study the dryland wheat growthing, production and the utilization water and fertilizer effects of composite water retaining materials. The main results are as follows:It could significantly increase grain yield and yield of winter wheat in dryland through the application of composite water retaining materials. Grain yield increased by 17.8% and 11.1%(P<0.05) than the farmer mode and monitoring fertilization; biological yield increased by 23.1% and 16% (P<0.05), it had a different significant. And it had no different significant with grain yield and biological yield of ridge film furrow.It was found that spike number increased by 27.2% and 21.9% (P<0.05), per ha and 1000-grain weight increased by 4.6% and 3.3% (P<0.05) than the farmer mode and monitoring fertilization through the application of composite water retaining materials, the differences reached significant level. And it had no different significant with ridge film furrow process. So the spike number per ha and 1000-grain weight were main factors which affected the yield growth.It was found that the net income increased by 25.2% and 7.9% than the farmer mode and monitoring fertilization through the application of composite water retaining materials, the differences reached significant level. And it had no different significant with ridge film furrow process.It was found that it could significantly improve 0-2m total soil water storage, especially 140-200cm total soil water storage, and it could significantly improve water use efficiency of soil and rainfall productivity through the application of composite water retaining materials. Water use efficiency increased by 19.8%-36.1% (P<0.05) than farmer mode, monitoring fertilization and ridge film furrow process. Rainfall productivity increased by 17.8%-18.8% and 11%-11.4% (P<0.05) than farmer mode and monitoring fertilization, respectively. While the differences reached significant level.It was found that it could promote the winter wheat on soil available nutrient absorption and utilization, 0-2m total soil NO3--N storage was reduced post-harvest, Wile it reduced 3.2%-5.1%(P<0.05) than farmer mode and monitoring fertilization and ridge film furrow process,0-2m total soil available phosphorus storage reduced by 66.4% and 17.7% (P<0.05) than the farmer mode and monitoring fertilization, and the differences reached significant level. But it had no different significant with ridge film furrow process.It could significantly improve aboveground dry matter accumulation and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in different growth period of winter wheat through the application of composite water retaining materials. The absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus accumulated are mainly in the reviving stage to the flowering stage, and the absorption of potassium accumulated mainly in reviving stage to jointing stage.It could significantly improve the absorption of each part of the winter wheat of the Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through the application of composite water retaining materials. And it increased 47.2% and 12.8%,29.7% and 15.1%,8.6% and 4.1% than the farmer mode and monitoring fertilization’s total N uptake, total P uptake and total K uptake, and the differences reached significant level, but it had no different significant with ridge film furrow process.It could significantly enhance the nutrient use efficiency of wheat through the application of composite water retaining materials. The NRE,PRE(P) increased 335%,56.3%(P<0.05) and 70.7%,36.7%(P< 0.05) than the farmer mode and monitoring fertilization.The NAE, PAE increased 94.2%-568%(P<0.05) and 82.5%-186%(P<0.05) than the farmer mode and monitoring fertilization and ridge film furrow process and the differences reached significant levelTo a certain extent, it could promote the biological activity of wheat field soil through the application of composite water retaining materials. It had a significantly promoting effect on soil urease activity, while the effect on soil invertase and alkaline phosphatase activity promoting effect was not obvious. The soil microbial biomass carbon in the flowering stage and the stage of wheat harvest increased 115%,148% and 43.4%,67%(P<0.05) than the farmer mode and monitoring fertilization. And microbial biomass nitrogen increased 44.4%,29.5% and 32.5%,23.5%(P<0.05). The differences reached significant level, and it had no different significant with ridge film furrow process.Above all, the composite water retaining materials which this study screened not only improved soil water, water retention, reduced evaporation of moisture in dryland wheat field, had a good role in promoting the winter wheat growth in the whole growth period, but also improved soil water and fertilizer use efficiency, increased economic yield of dryland winter wheat. So it is a upland water retention stimulation technique as much as ridge film furrow, and it is suitable for rainfed highland barley in our zone application. |
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