The Study On Mu Lan Bei And Regional Hydraulic Society During Song Dynasty And Qing Dynasty

Mu Lan Bei,which was built in Song dynasty,is a large irrigation work.It is located in Pu Tian City.Fujian Province,and stretch Mu Lan Xi river.It is consisted by three parts,which are axis center project,channel project,and dam project.Before Tang Dynasty,Xing Hua plain,which Pu Tian City located in,was still submerged by sea water.After then,it became the third largest plain in Fujian Province.It was the result of nature force and reclaiming land from the sea by building dykes.Flood,drought and tide disaster were the most common disaster in Xing Hua plain.So people here always wanted to build irrigation works to prevent from disasters,which could also in favor of agricultural production and people’s lives.In the early years of North Song dynasty,Qian Siniang and Ling Congshe came to Pu Tian City to build irrigation works,but failed it.Li Hong,who came to Pu Tian City with great amount of fund and assistants between 1068 A.D.and 1077 A.D.He chose an appropriate place to build an irrigation work,which was at the foot of Mu Lan Mountain.He chose a lot of advanced technology to build Mu Lan Bei,an irrigation work on Mu Lan Xi river.It costed him a lot.People in Pu Tian City joined Li’ s work,especially the fourteen landlords to the south of Mu Lan Xi river.They invested Li’s work,and donated their own cultivated land for canalization works.After then,the fourteen landlords cooperated with Li to found " Bei Si " to be the management organization of Mu Lan Bei.In the early years of North Song dynasty,Qian Siniang and Ling Congshe came to Pu Tian City to build irrigation works,but failed it.Li Hong,who came to Pu Tian City with great amount of fund and assistants between 1068 A.D.and 1077 A.D.He chose an appropriate place to build an irrigation work,which was at the foot of Mu Lan Mountain.He chose a lot of advanced technology to build Mu Lan Bei,an irrigation work on Mu Lan Xi river.It costed him a lot.People in Pu Tian City joined Li’s work,especially the fourteen landlords to the south of Mu Lan Xi river.They invested Li’s work,and donated their own cultivated land for canalization works.After then,the fourteen landlords cooperated with Li to found "Bei Si"to be the management organization of Mu Lan Bei.The system of irrigation work and cultivated land,which was founded by Li and the fourteen landlords,was the economic factor of the local hydraulic society around Mu Lan Bei.In the late period of North Song dynasty,Zhan She Sheng,who was the magistrate of Xing Hua,an old city name which Pu Tian City was called,laid down a regulation for Bei Si.He also announced that the system of irrigation work and cultivated land was legal.Chan Mi Zou and Qian Zee,who was also the magistrates,reformed Bei Si,and made it institutionalization.But The system of irrigation work and cultivated land also had some disadvantages,which finally lead to its own ending up.The battle between the owner of Mu Lan Bei and Bei Si in the late period of Ming dynasty lead to the ending of The system of irrigation work and cultivated land.Even the system was replaced by governmental management,it was also an appropriate management system for Mu Lan Bei.It had three characteristics,which was a long time of existing,endemicity and advancement.It also made a great contribution to the building of the management system of Mu Lan Bei,lessen the burden of local government and people,and taught them to protect Mu Lan Bei and build other irrigation works.The culture of Mu Lan Bei,which was the extension of the famous irrigation work,was the cultural factors of the local hydraulic society around Mu Lan Bei.It was consisted of sacrificial ceremony,the building of temples and the written of related literature works.The sacrificial ceremony was for Li and Qian,who were the first builder of Mu Lan Bei.The local government and people both joint this ceremony.The temples were also built for the builders of Mu Lan Bei.It’s the spiritual home of local people.The Collected Works about Mu Lan Bei,which were collected in Ming Dynasty,were important evidence for us to know Mu Lan Bei.As a part of the culture in Pu Tian City,the culture of Mu Lan Bei,which were inheritable and endemicity,spread the spirit of the builders of Mu Lan Bei.It also encouraged the local people to pay attention to the irrigation works and to make their hometown better.