Study On The Distribution Of Soil Types And The Development Of Planting In Mongolia

To the development of human society,soil is one of the most basic and important natural resources.It is also one of the most critical factors affecting the ecological environment,human health,sustainable development of the farming,and the national food security.So the study on spatial pattern of soil types and crop production has become a significant study item in China’s and international soil science,agronomy,and environmental science.Mongolia is located in the central Asia,northern Mongolia borders on Russian’s Siberia,eastern,southern,and western Mongolia connect China.Mongolia is one of the most weightiest neighbors in northern China,it’s also an important green ecological barrier in northern China.Nowadays,enhancing The Belt and Road strategic cooperation between China and China’s neighboring countries,and constructing China,Mongolia and Russia’s economy entirely.In society,economy,culture and other aspects of cooperation between china and Mongolia has become increasingly close.The study on Mongolia overall pattern,trend of development of resources and environment has become a hot research.On the stage,most studies about Mongolian social economy and natural environment have focused on the development of agriculture and animal husbandry,grassland degeneration,the trend of sandstorm,forestry situations,etc.,but the study on Mongolia soil types and crop production is nearly blank.So,to study Mongolia spatial pattern of soil types,planting structure,and the relationship between the two is an urgent matter.Providing strong basic,visible science data support for getting hold of the ecological environment and development potential about The Belt and Road along countries.This paper takes Mongolia as its research area,in view of aggregating relevant data about “Mongolia Soil”,which is written by D.Dorjgotv(Ph.D)academician from the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography,and crop production planting industry related data.Using ArcGIS10.1,a variety of geographical environment,the space information,this paper studies characteristics of space and structure on the distribution of Mongolian soil types by adopting the method of superposition of maps and data statistics,this analyses the relationship between distribution of Mongolia soil types and crop production.According to the characteristics of different soil distribution,providing scientific evidence and reference value for Mongolia planting and soil research from macroscopic level.The main conclusions in this paper are as follows:(1)Mongolia has many kinds of soil,according to the natural geographical conditions,they can be divided into 5 zones,named mountain taiga zone of soil,forest steppe-mountain steppe soil,steppe soil,desertsteppe soil,desert soil.The steppe soil area is the most widely,its soil types are the most abundant.Covers an area of 86299064.6 hectares,55.6% of the total area,the distribution of the main soil types are dark chestnut soil,chestnut soil,light chestnut soil.The minimum distribution area and the easiest soil type is desert soil.The total area of 2140519 hectares,accounting for 1.4% of the national area,the distribution of the main soil types are pine sand and sandy soil.(2)Planting is given priority to with corn in Mongolia,according to 2015 statistics,grain planting area of 421000 hectares.Selenge Province and Central Mongolia Province are most widely planted in 22 provinces and cities.Followed by feed crops,covers an area of 52000 hectares,mainly distributed in Selenge Province,Central Mongolia Province,Uvs Province,Arkhangai Province.Potato and vegetables planting area of 40000 hectares,the largest planting area includes Selenge Province,Central Mongolia Province,Khovd Province.Finally for the fruit,planting area of only 28000 hectares,mainly distributed in Central Mongolia Province and Uvs Province.(3)Combined with the relationship with Mongolia crop species and soil types,dark chestnut soil,chestnut soil and lowland soil are the most widely soil types for grain planting area,planting area of 717920 hectares,the smallest soil types are chestnut soil and dark chestnut soil in western Mongolia,planting area of only 13.01 hectares.The most popular types of soil for potato planting area are dark chestnut soil,chestnut soil and lowland soil,planting area of 9527 hectares,planting area of the smallest is saline-alkaline soil,only 3.29 hectares.The most popular types of soil for vegetable planting area are dark chestnut soil,chestnut soil and lowland soil,planting area of 15984 hectares,the smallest soil types for planting area are Montenegro mountain meadow soil,peat soil,only 4.32 hectares.The most popular types of soil for fruit planting area are also dark chestnut soil,chestnut soil and andosols,covers an area of 1993 hectares,planting area of the smallest is meadow soil and meadow-boggy soil,only 3.24 hectares.the most popular types of soil for forage crop planting area are dark chestnut soil,chestnut soil and lowland soil,the smallest soil types are Gobi brown soil,area of 5052 hectares and 213.3 hectares respectively.Accordingly,in the development of planting industry in Mongolia,the utilization frequency of soil types,such as dark chestnut soil,dark chestnut soil and lowland soil are the highest.These soils are mainly distributed in the steppe soil zone and Barren Grassland soil zone.However,saline soil,alkaline earth,sandy soil are hardly growing agricultural products.