Breeding 0f Wheat Variety Of Tongmai 6 On Dry Land And The Cultivation Technology Research

The main goal of breeding dry land wheat has long been to find the new breed with high productivity,drought resistance and water conservation.Currently,farmers generally focus on using chemical fertilizers while neglect organic fertilizers in dry land wheat production.If this situation continues for a long time,organic substance of the soil will reduce leading to barren soil and lower production capacity.Therefore,it will greatly hinder the increase of wheat yield per unit and stability of overall production.Based on the previous research,this essay uses conventional breeding methods,selects parent materials with different genetic backgrounds and develop hybrid of different types and levels.This essay aims to ensure full expression of good variations and breed the new wheat variety with better stress resistance,increasing segregation group amount and expanding the range of genetic variations.Meanwhile,it researches on efficient fertilization technologies,explores and implements effective extension methods for the new breed.The conclusion is as follows.1.Parent materials with different genetic backgrounds are selected a new dry land wheat variety of Tongmai 6 with immunity to stripe rust,high resistance to powdery mildew and medium resistance to gibberellic diseases with the conventional hybridization method.The pilot area is tested for 15 place and in two years,including 13 sites with the result of increased yield.The average yield is 5179.5kg/hm²,an increase of 4.9% compared with Jinmai 47.2.The findings of fertilization technologies in many places for many years shows that the combination of wheat straws and fertilizers has better yield-increasing performance than conventional fertilization,an increase of 585 kg/hm² with the increase rate of 12.0%.In the condition of traditional fertilization level,it can significantly increase the yield by 8.7%¹7.7% by increasing the quantity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.If the quantity of nitrogenous fertilizers stays the same,the increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers will change the yield little,an increase rate of only 0.5%².6%.The best fertilization quantity for Tongmai 6 variety is 150 kg pure N10,75 kg P2O₅ and 30.0kg K2 O.The best ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5:0.2.3.Balanced fertilization has significant yield increasing effect.Tongmai 6 wheat variety has great potential for high yield,characterized by high stress resistance and lodging tolerance and prominent disease resistance,with drought tolerance superior to that of prevailing variety planted in arable land at the present time.It is practical to achieve high yield on the premise of suitable production condition together with fine variety and method.In case that phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied,the yield is to increase by 38.4% to 35.1%;in case that nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied,the yield is to increase by 89.5% to 116.9%.When the fine method is suited to,the yield of Tongmai 6is 10141.35 kg/hm² which created the record in small-scale dry land wheat’s yield per unit in Shaanxi province.4.The Tongmai 6 extension uses the method of “100 mu core area plus 1,000 mu demonstration area plus 10,000 mu radiation belt”.The extension also uses the structure of “extension departments of agricultural technologies plus demonstration peasant households plus seed enterprises” to cooperate and manage together.In addition,new technological methods of “recommended breeds,matching techniques and entity training” are used to integrate “breed,production and extension”.A platform of seed supply,growing and production is established for mutual benefits.This method helps the fast extension of the new variety.