Tomato Yield Formation And Influencing Factors Under East-west Cultivation Pattern In Slide Cover Type Solar Greenhouse

In order to solve the problem that it's not easy to achieve simplified and mechanization for north-south ridge cultivation in the traditional solar greenhouses.The cultivation patterns of east-west ridge by soilless culture using in bag type with the large fruit tomato 'DF09' as test materials were studied,and compared with north-south ridge cultivation in the new sliding cover solar greenhouse.By analysis of canopy microclimate,plant growth,yield,quality and nutrient utilization index of tomato with different cultivation patterns,and discussion of influence factors of tomato yield for north-south ridge cultivation in the solar greenhouse,and provide theoretical and technical basis for realizing simplified mechanized cultivation and development of modern cultivation pattern of solar greenhouse.The main results are as follows:1.The characteristics of microclimate of different cultivable patterns of tomato were preliminarily determined by measuring environmental indicators,such as the solar radiation and air temperature and humidity in the tomato canopy.The results showed that solar radiation of east-west ridge pattern was lower when the desnity is higher.The planting distance solar radiation of SN-3 and SN-4 was higher significantly than other treatments.The solar radiation on plant line is no difference.When the planting density was constant,the solar radiation of EW-4 was higher than SN-1 and SN-3 only a little,But the light environment of east-west ridge was symmetrical than that of north-south ridge.The air temperature of EW-4 and the air humidity of EW-5 was the highest.The air temperature of SN-3 was the highest and the air humidity of SN-1 was the lowest.The substrate temperature of EW-1 and SN-2 was highest at 15:00.The air temperature of EW-4 was a little lower than SN-3,and the air humidity is lower than SN-1 and SN-3,and the substrate temperature of EW-4 was slightly lower than SN-1 and SN-3 with the same planting density.It showed that substrate temperature of north-south ridge was higher than that of east-west ridge.2.The growth features of tomato under different cultivation patterns were determined by measuring the growth indicators such as the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area.The results showed that the plant height of EW-5 and SN-1 were the highest and the highest heights were 288.5 cm and 287.5 cm respectively.The leaf area of EW-4 and the LAI of EW-5 was the biggest in the east-west ridge,were significantly higher than other treatments.The LAI of SN-2 in the north-south ridge was the biggest,the leaf area had no significant difference.The plant height of SN-1 was higher than the SN-3 and EW-4 significantly,the stem diameter,the leaf area and the LAI under different treatments had no significant difference with the same planting density.The fresh weight and biomass accumulation above the ground of the EW-4 in the east-west ridge and SN-2 in the north-south ridge were the most,which were 5.08kg,473.1g and 8.49kg and 752.62g respectively.The root fresh weight of the EW-1 in the east-west ridge was the most while had no great differences in the south-north ridge.Under the same planting density,the dry matter accumulation of the SN-1 above the ground in the north-south ridge was the largest,which was respectively 13%and 19%larger than the SN-3 and EW-4.The fresh weight and the biomass accumulation of root had no significant difference.3.The yield and influential factors of tomatoes under different cultivation patterns were determined by measuring the yield indicators such as mean fruit weight,mean yield per plant and plot yield,and carrying on the yield composition and environmental factors with the path analysis.The results showed that the number of fruit per area of EW-3 in the east-west ridge was the most,and its mean plant yield and yield per unit were the largest,which were 3.68 kg and 9.57 kg respectively.The number fruit per area of SN-1 in the north-south ridge was the most as well as yield per area.Under the same planting density,the mean weight of single fruit,the mean yield per plant and the yield per area of EW-4 were significantly higher than SN-1 and SN-3.This showed that the planting yield in the east-west planting was higher.Above all,the air temperature of the tomato canopy of east-west ridge was higher than that of north-south ridge,and the humidity and substrate temperature are lower than that.The growth of tomatoes in the east-west ridge was a little weaker than that in the north-south ridge.But under the same planting density,the yield of east-west ridge was higher than north-south ridge.The maximum yield could be obtained with the cultivation density of 2.6 plants/m2 in this paper.The results of path analysis showed that temperature of canopy and substrate base temperature(environmental factors)have direct influence on the yield.And,the mean fruit weight and average yield per plant also have direct influence on the yield per area.