| Moringa oleifera was a fast-growing plant with high nutritional value in the tropics and subtropical regions.In the southern of China it had achieved large-scale cultivation,but it could not be a good application in the domestic livestock industry.In this study,the experiment compared the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera with other commonly used roughage,and explored the effects of Moringa oleifera replaced part of alfalfa on production performance in dairy cows.Experiment I: Compare the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera with other commonly used roughageThe chemical composition of Moringa oleifera leaves,Moringa oleifera peduncles,alfalfa,Chinese wildrye and corn silage were determined using traditional feed analyses methods,and calculated the relative feed value respectively.The results showed as follows: The nutritional value of differernt kinds of roughage were significantly difference(P<0.05).The nutritional value was relatively higher in Moringa oleifera leaves,especilaly the content of crude protein was highest than other roughage;The content of NDF in Moringa oleifera and Chinese wildrye were higher than other three kinds of roughage;The relative feed value in Moringa oleifera and alfalfa were significantly higher than other three kinds of roughage(P<0.05),and the Moringa oleifera peduncles was the lowest which was comparable with Chinese wildrye.Experiment II: Effects of 5 kinds of roughage on in vitro fermentation parameters and microbial floraThe effects of five roughage including Moringa oleifera leaves,Moringa oleifera peduncles,alfalfa,Chinese wildrye and corn silage on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial flora were determinded using in vitro method.The results showed as follows: The gas volume Moringa oleifera leaves,alfalfa and corn silage were significantly higher than other two roughae(P<0.05);Acording to the values of rumen p H in five roughage,from the highest to the lowest were Moringa oleifera peduncles>Chinese wildrye>Moringa oleifera leaves and alfalfa>corn silage,and each of them were significantly difference except Moringa oleiferea leaves and alfalfa(P<0.05).The contents of NH3-N in fermentation fluid from the highest to the lowest were Moringa oleifera leaves>alfalfa>corn silage and Moringa oleifera peduncles>Chinese wildrye;According to the constitute of VFA,we could find that the yield of all kinds of VFA in five roughage were significantly difference,Moringa oleifera leaves significantly higher than Moringa oleifera peduncles and Chinese wildrye(P<0.05).but there were no significantly difference between alfalfa and corn silage.Experiment III: Compare the rumen degradation characteristics in 5 feed samplesBody weight about 600 kg of three Holstein cows fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were selected.Nylon-bag technique was used to investigate the rumen degradation rates and effective degradability of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)of five kinds of roughage.The results showed as follows: DM degradation rates of alfalfa at each time point were significantly higher than Moringa oleifera leaves and Moringa oleifera peduncles,while after 24 h,the gap of DM degradation rates between alfalfa and Moringa oleifera leaves were narrow.DM degradation rate of Moringa oleifera peduncles at each time point was significantly lower than other four roughage(P<0.05);DM effective degradability of alfalfa,Moringa oleifera leaves and corn silage were greater than 60%,and significantly higher than Moringa oleifera peduncles and Chinese wildrye(P<0.01).After 12 h rumen degradation,CP degradation rates of Moringa oleifera leaves increased rapidly,and significantly higher than alfalfa and Moringa oleifera peduncles(P<0.05).CP effective degradability of Moringa oleifera leaves,alfalfa and corn silage were much higher,and there were no differences between Chinese wildrye and Moringa oleifera peduncles.NDF effective degradability of Moringa oleifera leaves and alfalfa were significantly higher than other three roughgae(P<0.05).The contents of NDF in Moringa oleifera peduncles was much higher but more difficult to be used by rumen microorganism.Experiment IV: Effects of Moringa oleifera replaced 50% alfalfa on apparent digestibility and production performance in dairy cowsEight healthy and multiparous Holstein cows were allocated to two groups and made a crossover trail.The study was divieded into two groups including A and B,A was control group(fed with basal diet).B was test group(fed with diet which Moringa oleifera leaves and peduncles replaced 50% alfalfa in basal ration),The results showed as follows: Compared with A group,B group significantly improved the DMI and the contents of milk protein(P<0.05),had the trend to improve the milk yield(0.05≤P<0.10);There were no significantly difference on rumen fermentation parameters between A and B groups;The amount of Prevotella in group B was significantly higher than group A,and other rumen bacterias had no influence;The apparent digestibility of ADF in group B was significantly higher than group A,however,there was a rising tend on the apparent digestibility of NDF in group B(0.05≤P<0.10),and there was no significantly difference on apparent digestibility of DM and CP.All in all,it had the following conclusions:(1)Moringa oleifera had high nutritional value,which Moringa oleifera leaves had a high protein content and a higher effective degradability,the relative feed value of Moringa oleifera leaves were higher than alfalfa hey,the relative feed value of Moringa oleifera peduncles were comparable with Chinese wildrye.(2)Moringa oleifera as a roughage to replace 50% alfalfa could improve production performance in dairy cows,and the dairy cows’ ruminal fermentation and feed nutrient composition of the total apparent digestibility without adverse effects. |
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