| Luffa(Luffa cylindrical L.)is an annual climbing herbaceous plant.Luffa fruits,sponge gourds,are rich in nutrient and have certain medical value.With the changes in consumption habits and the development of protected horticulture industry in our country,the plant industry of Luffa has also developed quickly from open field culture to both protected and open field cultivation,playing more and more important roles in anniversary production and the balanced supply of vegetables.However,the protected environment is totally different with that of the open field.Corresponding management technology is needed to fulfill the target of anniversary production and supply.Moreover,with the facility cultivation area increasing year by year and the development of annual production,the pests and diseases,or improper management caused yield reduction are reported constantly.Therefore,the research and application of Luffa seedling technology,formula fertilization and stereo cultivation are more and more valued.In this paper,Luffa was used as the experimental material to study the effects of the seedling substrates mixing and formula fertilization on the growth,quality and production of Luffa plants.In addition,this study explored the stereo-planting pattern in greenhouse cultivation of Luffa,which would provide scientific basis for high quality and production cultivation of Luffa.The main results are as follows:1.By adding a certain amount of coco peat into vermiculite,6 treatments were set to analysis the physicochemical properties of mixed substrates and the effects of compound substrates on the growth of luffa seedlings.The results showed that the bulk density and total porosity of the 6 mixed substrates can achieve the basic requirements of ideal soilless cultivation substrate.Among the 6 treatments,the mixture of coco peat and vermiculite at 7:3(volume ratio)showed the better aeration porosity,water-holding porosity,EC and pH value.At this condition,luffa seedlings grown to two-leaf stage showed higher plant height,stem diameter,cotyledon area,root-shoot ratio,seedling index,root activity and chlorophyll content when compared to others,which indicated that the mixture of coco peat and vermiculite at 7:3 can promote luffa seedling growth.Therefore,the substrate formula mentioned above(coco peat:vermiculite as 7:3)can replace peat as a soilless cultivation substrate for luffa.2.With Luffa ’Jiangshu No.1’ as material,completely randomly block design was used to study the effects of combined applications of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers on leaves chlorophyll contents,fruits dry matter content,yield and quality.The results showed that the highest dry and fresh weight of single fruit was in T4 treatment group.The dry matter content of T2 treatment group was the highest,followed by T4 treatment group.T4 treatment group had the highest total chlorophyll content,followed by T3,T7 and T6 treatment groups.T4 treatment group had the highest carotenoid content,followed by T6 and T3 treatments.The soluble sugar content in fruit was the highest in T2 treatment group,followed by T4 treatment group.The soluble protein content of T7 treatment group was the highest,followed by T4 treatment group.Early yield and total yield of CK group were the lowest,while those of T4 treatment group were the highest and increased by 18.53%and 28.76%when compared to CK group.To summarize,the formula in T4(potassium nitrate:superphosphate:potassium sulfate =2:1:1.5)treatment group was the optimum ratio of fertilization to increase yield and quality of towel gourd.3.Good economic benefits were received by planting water spinach between luffa according to their respective botanical and growth characteristics.In this work,detailed technical points were elaborated about stereo cultivation of luffa and water spinach from the variety selection,the seedling cultivation,the crop arrangement,the temperature and humidity control,disease and insect pest control and harvesting.This text also compared the yield and quality between stereo cultivation and traditional cultivation. |
PDF Full Text Request